Overview of electric-field-induced deposition technology in fabricating organic thin films

Abstract

Electric-field induced deposition (EFID) technology has been demonstrated as an effective technique for adjusting the properties of inorganic, organic or organic-inorganic hybrid thin films. Here, the progress in research on...

Recent advances on electrochemical methods in fabricating two‐dimensional organic‐ligand‐containing frameworks

“…In other words, over the course of the synthesis, metals are in their oxidation state, meaning that metal species are charged. This property offers the targeted MOF an opportunity to be prepared via low‐cost, rapid, and environmental‐friendly electrosynthesis 13,16,28 . The metal ion source required for the construction of MOFs can be directly provided from its own metal substrate (like plate, coil, foil, etc.)…”

“…Due to the lack of charged moieties, COFs are usually synthesized via solvothermal method, 88 microwave approach, 89 ionothermal synthesis, 90 mechanochemical route, 91 and interfacial strategy 92 . Until recent years, the electrosynthesis of COFs experienced a rapid development 16,93 . Nonionic COFs (e.g., COF‐5, COF‐300, and BDT‐ETTA COF) and the ionic COF (e.g., PyVg‐COF) can be directly coated or deposited on conductive substrates to form the corresponding thin films through EPD within a few minutes 29,94 .…”

“…Organic‐ligands‐containing frameworks including metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) have attracted a lot of attention due to their tunable pore size and predesigned structures, which offer them wide applications in a variety of fields, such as gas adsorption and separation, catalysis, optoelectronics, electrochromic, energy, sensing, and drug delivery 1–12 . Although hundreds of novel organic‐ligand‐containing frameworks as well as their applications have been explored in the past decades, there is still a daunting task to realize their industrialization due to the lack of an efficient approach to obtain high‐quality and well‐patterned organic‐ligand‐containing frameworks 13–16 . For instance, the large‐scale preparation of precisely controlled thin films based on organic‐ligand‐containing frameworks has attracted considerable interest.…”

“…To address these issues, a novel electrochemical technology comes to the view of scientists as this method has been proven to be environmental‐friendly, time‐saving, easy‐performing, and precise‐controllability 13,28–30 . Electrochemical deposition (ECD) and electrophoretic deposition (EPD) are two widely used methods of electrochemical technology for the preparation of thin films based on organic‐ligand‐containing frameworks 16,30–32 . EPD consists of two main processes, namely electrophoresis (promoting the charged particles migrate toward the substrates with the opposite charge under appropriate electric field) and electrodeposition (depositing the charged particles onto the surface of the substrates by interfacial bonding, electric field force, and electrostatic force).…”

“…Similar to EPD, ECD also contains electrophoresis and electrodeposition processes. Besides, it has a third process, namely, electrochemical reactions (including electrochemical redox, protonation/deprotonation) before the electrophoresis and electrodeposition 16 …”