Overview of risk-informed decision-making processes

Zio, Enrico; Pedroni, Nicola

doi:10.57071/539rdm

Cited by 21 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 18 publications

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“…This is particularly relevant to scenarios in which the decision maker lacks information and also in which the decision is intrinsically subjective with competing priorities. 13 Risk is a combination of both the severity and likelihood of an unwanted outcome. 14 Smoking puts individuals at greatly increased likelihood of lung cancer as well as cancer recurrence and mortality.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Role of Smoking Status in Making Risk-Informed Diagnostic Decisions in the Lung Cancer Pathway: A Qualitative Study of Health Care Professionals and Patients

Black,

Janes,

Callister

et al. 2024

Med Decis Making

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Background Lung cancer clinical guidelines and risk tools often rely on smoking history as a significant risk factor. However, never-smokers make up 14% of the lung cancer population, and this proportion is rising. Consequently, they are often perceived as low-risk and may experience diagnostic delays. This study aimed to explore how clinicians make risk-informed diagnostic decisions for never-smokers. Methods Qualitative interviews were conducted with 10 lung cancer diagnosticians, supported by data from interviews with 20 never-smoker lung cancer patients. The data were analyzed using a framework analysis based on the Model of Pathways to Treatment framework and data-driven interpretations. Results Participants described 3 main strategies for making risk-informed decisions incorporating smoking status: guidelines, heuristics, and potential harms. Clinicians supplemented guidelines with their own heuristics for never-smokers, such as using higher thresholds for chest X-ray. Decisions were easier for patients with high-risk symptoms such as hemoptysis. Clinicians worried about overinvestigating never-smoker patients, particularly in terms of physical and psychological harms from invasive procedures or radiation. To minimize unnecessary anxiety about lung cancer risk, clinicians made efforts to downplay this. Conversely, some patients found that this caused process harms such as delays and miscommunications. Conclusion Improved guidance and methods of risk differentiation for never-smokers are needed to avoid diagnostic delays, overreassurance, and clinical pessimism. This requires an improved evidence base and initiatives to increase awareness among clinicians of the incidence of lung cancer in never-smokers. As the proportion of never-smoker patients increases, this issue will become more urgent. Highlights Smoking status is the most common risk factor used by clinicians to guide decision making, and guidelines often focus on this factor. Some clinicians also use their own heuristics for never-smokers, and this becomes particularly relevant for patients with lower risk symptoms. Clinicians are also concerned about the potential harms and risks associated with deploying resources on diagnostics for never-smokers. Some patients find it difficult to decide whether or not to go ahead with certain procedures due to efforts made by clinicians to downplay the risk of lung cancer. Overall, the study highlights the complex interplay between smoking history, clinical decision making, and patient anxiety in the context of lung cancer diagnosis and treatment.

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confidence: 99%

The Role of Smoking Status in Making Risk-Informed Diagnostic Decisions in the Lung Cancer Pathway: A Qualitative Study of Health Care Professionals and Patients

Black,

Janes,

Callister

et al. 2024

Med Decis Making

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Saving Lives in a Health Crisis Through the National Cyber Threat Prevention Mechanism Case COVID-19

Simola

2022

Computational Methods in Applied Sciences

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Today's ongoing coronavirus pandemic has shown that our overall public security mechanism in Finland requires a more coherent system that combines different types of sensors with artificial intelligence-based systems. Various states may have a crucial task: creating a common early warning system with a cyber dimension. But first, the decision-making process for public safety administration must be enhanced at the national level. COVID-19 has demonstrated the difficulty of predicting the progression of a pandemic, and nearly every country on earth has faced remarkable challenges from the spread of disinformation. False information has been shared around many public health and safety-related issues-such as how the virus is spread, the usefulness of self-protection, and the side effects of vaccines. Effective early warning tools are needed to prevent the domino effect of misinformation and to ensure the vital functions of society. This research will demonstrate the need for a common emergency response model for Europe to ensure national public safety-along with a technical platform at least for the interface between the countries. Hybrid-influenced incidents require a hybrid response. KeywordsPandemic • Emergency response • Early warning • Information sharing

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Asset and Risk Management Approach in the Context of Complexity in Industry 4.0/5.0 Systems

Diop

Abdul-Nour

Komljenović

2023

Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering

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Overview of risk-informed decision-making processes

Cited by 21 publications

References 18 publications

The Role of Smoking Status in Making Risk-Informed Diagnostic Decisions in the Lung Cancer Pathway: A Qualitative Study of Health Care Professionals and Patients

The Role of Smoking Status in Making Risk-Informed Diagnostic Decisions in the Lung Cancer Pathway: A Qualitative Study of Health Care Professionals and Patients

Saving Lives in a Health Crisis Through the National Cyber Threat Prevention Mechanism Case COVID-19

Asset and Risk Management Approach in the Context of Complexity in Industry 4.0/5.0 Systems

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