Overview on Adaptation, Mitigation and Amelioration Strategies to Improve Livestock Production Under the Changing Climatic Scenario

Sejian, Veerasamy; Samal, Lipismita; Haque, Nazmul; Bagath, M.; Hyder, Iqbal; Maurya, V. P.; Bhatta, Raghavendra; Ravindra, J.P.; Prasad, C. S.; Lal, Rattan

doi:10.1007/978-81-322-2265-1_22

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 158 publications

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“…Ensuring appropriate nutritional level to the livestock is crucial to optimize livestock production in the changing climatic condition. Importance should be given for providing balanced nutrition to ensure optimum reproduction in animals as the energy balance are closely associated with their fertility [86]. The environmental temperatures are highest in arid and semi-arid regions where the available feed resources are both of low quality and quantity which directly affect the reproductive performance of the livestock species.…”

Section: Nutritional Management Of Heat Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigation of the Heat Stress Impact in Livestock Reproduction

Krishnan¹,

Bagath²,

Pragna³

et al. 2017

Theriogenology

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Heat stress affects the fertility and reproductive livestock performance by compromising the physiology reproductive tract, through hormonal imbalance, decreased oocyte quality and poor semen quality, and decreased embryo development and survival. Heat stress decreases the secretion of luteinizing hormone and estradiol resulting in reduced length and intensity of estrus expression, increased incidence of anoestrus and silent heat in farm animals. Oocytes exposed to thermal stress lose its competence for fertilization and development into the blastocyst stage, which results in decreased fertility because of the production of poor quality oocytes and embryos. Furthermore, low progesterone secretion limits the endometrial functions, and subsequently embryo development. In addition, the increased secretion of endometrial prostaglandin F2 alpha during heat stress threatens the maintenance of pregnancy. In general, the percentage of conception rate was found to be reduced by 4.6% for each unit increase in temperature humidity index (THI) above 70, and heat stress during pregnancy further slows down the growth of the foetus and results in lower birth weight. In tropical and subtropical regions, during hot days, the testicular temperature may increase and impair both the spermatogenic cycle and semen quality, which culminates in decreased bull fertility. The effects of heat stress on livestock can be minimized via adapting suitable scientific strategies comprising physical modifications of the environment, nutritional management and genetic development of breeds that are less sensitive to heat stress. In addition, the summer infertility may be countered through advanced reproductive technologies involving hormonal treatments, timed artificial insemination and embryo transfer, which may enhance the chances for establishing pregnancy in farm animals.

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Section: Nutritional Management Of Heat Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigation of the Heat Stress Impact in Livestock Reproduction

Krishnan¹,

Bagath²,

Pragna³

et al. 2017

Theriogenology

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“…Mycelium can be grown on agro-waste substrates, composing a dense hyphal network of fine white filaments of 1-30 µm in diameter [29], integrating the agro wastes from pieces to continuous composites. These wastes are composed from cellulose, tannin, and lignin, along with other various proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates [30]. This produces the final product of the mycelium biocomposite after drying the mix at a high temperature for several hours to stop the growth of mycelium.…”

Section: Mycelium Biocomposites and Bioweldingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biowelding 3D-Printed Biodigital Brick of Seashell-Based Biocomposite by Pleurotus ostreatus Mycelium

Abdallah,

Estévez

2023

Biomimetics

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Mycelium biocomposites are eco-friendly, cheap, easy to produce, and have competitive mechanical properties. However, their integration in the built environment as durable and long-lasting materials is not solved yet. Similarly, biocomposites from recycled food waste such as seashells have been gaining increasing interest recently, thanks to their sustainable impact and richness in calcium carbonate and chitin. The current study tests the mycelium binding effect to bioweld a seashell biocomposite 3D-printed brick. The novelty of this study is the combination of mycelium and a non-agro–based substrate, which is seashells. As well as testing the binding capacity of mycelium in welding the lattice curvilinear form of the V3 linear Brick model (V3-LBM). Thus, the V3-LBM is 3D printed in three separate profiles, each composed of five layers of 1 mm/layer thickness, using seashell biocomposite by paste extrusion and testing it for biowelding with Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium to offer a sustainable, ecofriendly, biomineralized brick. The biowelding process investigated the penetration and binding capacity of the mycelium between every two 3D-printed profiles. A cellulose-based culture medium was used to catalyse the mycelium growth. The mycelium biowelding capacity was investigated by SEM microscopy and EDX chemical analysis of three samples from the side corner (S), middle (M), and lateral (L) zones of the biowelded brick. The results revealed that the best biowelding effect was recorded at the corner and lateral zones of the brick. The SEM images exhibited the penetration and the bridging effect achieved by the dense mycelium. The EDX revealed the high concentrations of carbon, oxygen, and calcium at all the analyzed points on the SEM images from all three samples. An inverted relationship between carbon and oxygen as well as sodium and potassium concentrations were also detected, implying the active metabolic interaction between the fungal hyphae and the seashell-based biocomposite. Finally, the results of the SEM-EDX analysis were applied to design favorable tessellation and staking methods for the V3-LBM from the seashell–mycelium composite to deliver enhanced biowelding effect along the Z axis and the XY axis with <1 mm tessellation and staking tolerance.

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“…Therefore, providing shelter adjusts the micro-environment to reduce the heat stress effects on milk production [ 139 ]. Cooling dairy cows subjected to heat stress allows heat exchange between a cow and its environment, which reduces a cow’s core body temperature [ 140 ]. Cooling by providing shade can decrease ventilation, whereas cooling by fans alone, or in combination with sprinklers, is better in minimizing heat stress’ detrimental effects on milk production, reproduction, and the immune system [ 127 , 128 ].…”

Section: Strategies To Overcome the Effects Of Heat Stress On Livestockmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Can They Take the Heat?’—The Egyptian Climate and Its Effects on Livestock

Goma

Phillips

2022

Animals

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Egypt already has conditions in summer that cause heat stress for livestock, and predicted climate changes suggest that these will be exacerbated over the course of this century. As well, extreme climatic events make the mitigation of climate change difficult but important to understand. Apart from neonates, farm animals have upper critical temperatures in the region of 25–30 °C, whereas temperatures in summer regularly exceed 40 °C for prolonged periods. The temperature and humidity data were collected half hourly to calculate Temperature Humidity Indices and demonstrate that Egyptian livestock at two centers of livestock production in the country would experience heat stress in summer for extended periods of each day. The impact of rising temperatures on livestock in Egypt was reviewed, where extensive resources to mitigate the impact are not often available. It was found that, although there are some prospects to mitigate some heat stress, by using agroforestry systems of production for example, these are unlikely to have a major impact, and reduced food security may ensue over the course of this century.

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Overview on Adaptation, Mitigation and Amelioration Strategies to Improve Livestock Production Under the Changing Climatic Scenario

Cited by 23 publications

References 158 publications

Mitigation of the Heat Stress Impact in Livestock Reproduction

Mitigation of the Heat Stress Impact in Livestock Reproduction

Biowelding 3D-Printed Biodigital Brick of Seashell-Based Biocomposite by Pleurotus ostreatus Mycelium

‘Can They Take the Heat?’—The Egyptian Climate and Its Effects on Livestock

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