Overview on Chikungunya Virus Pathogenesis

Singh, Sunit K.

doi:10.1002/9781118644843.ch9

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 87 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We examined each well every 2 hrs using an Olympus SZX10 and recorded the status of the cercaria (alive and swimming, alive but not swimming, or dead). The typically lifespan of trematode cercariae is <24 hrs (Singh, 2015), such that our experiment sought to evaluate how different concentrations of TTX altered the survivorship of cercariae relative to the control treatment. Cercariae were considered dead when they failed to respond to a probe or when the tail detached from the body, as described previously (Calhoun et al, 2015; Paull et al, 2012; Reddy et al, 2004; Rohr et al, 2008).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noxious newts and their natural enemies: Experimental effects of tetrodotoxin exposure on trematode parasites and aquatic macroinvertebrates

Calhoun

Bucciarelli

Kats

et al. 2017

Toxicon

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The dermal glands of many amphibian species secrete toxins or other noxious substances as a defense strategy against natural enemies. Newts in particular possess the potent neurotoxin tetrodotoxin (TTX), for which the highest concentrations are found in species within the genus Taricha. Adult Taricha are hypothesized to use TTX as a chemical defense against vertebrate predators such as garter snakes (Thamnophis spp.). However, less is known about how TTX functions to defend aquatic-developing newt larvae against natural enemies, including trematode parasites and aquatic macroinvertebrates. Here we experimentally investigated the effects of exogenous TTX exposure on survivorship of the infectious stages (cercariae) of five species of trematode parasites that infect larval amphibians. Specifically, we used dose-response curves to test the sensitivity of trematode cercariae to progressively increasing concentrations of TTX (0.0 [control], 0.63, 3.13, 6.26, 31.32, and 62.64 nmol L−1) and how this differed among parasite species. We further compared these results to the effects of TTX exposure (0 and 1,000 nmolL−1) over 24 hr on seven macroinvertebrate taxa commonly found in aquatic habitats with newt larvae. TTX significantly reduced the survivorship of trematode cercariae for all species, but the magnitude of such effects varied among species. Ribeiroia ondatrae – which causes mortality and limb malformations in amphibians – was the least sensitive to TTX, whereas the kidney-encysting Echinostoma trivolvis was the most sensitive. Among the macroinvertebrate taxa, only mayflies (Ephemeroptera) showed a significant increase in mortality following exogenous TTX exposure, despite the use of a concentration 16x higher than the maximum used for trematodes. Our results suggest that maternal investment of TTX into larval newts may provide protection against certain trematode infections and highlight the importance of future work assessing the effects of newt toxicity on both parasite infection success and the palatability of larval newts to invertebrate predators.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noxious newts and their natural enemies: Experimental effects of tetrodotoxin exposure on trematode parasites and aquatic macroinvertebrates

Calhoun

Bucciarelli

Kats

et al. 2017

Toxicon

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A possible explanation for the decline centers on the vaccination and control measures implemented on a large scale from 1969 to 1979 [45]. In all, 35.2 million vaccines were provided to Zimbabwe, South Africa, Namibia, Israel, and Egypt in response to large RVF outbreaks [46]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeography of Rift Valley Fever Virus in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rift Valley Fever is an acute zoonotic viral disease caused by Rift Valley Fever virus (RVFV) that affects ruminants and humans in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. We used phylogenetic analyses to understand the demographic history of RVFV populations, using sequence data from the three minigenomic segments of the virus. We used phylogeographic approaches to infer RVFV historical movement patterns across its geographic range, and to reconstruct transitions among host species. Results revealed broad circulation of the virus in East Africa, with many lineages originating in Kenya. Arrival of RVFV in Madagascar resulted from three major waves of virus introduction: the first from Zimbabwe, and the second and third from Kenya. The two major outbreaks in Egypt since 1977 possibly resulted from a long-distance introduction from Zimbabwe during the 1970s, and a single introduction took RVFV from Kenya to Saudi Arabia. Movement of the virus between Kenya and Sudan, and CAR and Zimbabwe, was in both directions. Viral populations in West Africa appear to have resulted from a single introduction from Central African Republic. The overall picture of RVFV history is thus one of considerable mobility, and dynamic evolution and biogeography, emphasizing its invasive potential, potentially more broadly than its current distributional limits.

show abstract

“…Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arthropod borne (arbo-) virus of the alphavirus genus. Belonging to the “Old World” viruses, CHIKV is categorised as an arthritogenic alphavirus due to the primary site of disease manifestation, the joints [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CHIKV strains Brazil (wt) and Ross (lab-adapted) differ with regard to cell host range and antiviral sensitivity and show CPE in human glioblastoma cell lines U138 and U251

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a (re)emerging arbovirus, is the causative agent of chikungunya fever. To date, no approved vaccine or specific antiviral therapy are available. CHIKV has repeatedly been responsible for serious economic and public health impacts in countries where CHIKV epidemics occurred. Antiviral tests in vitro are generally performed in Vero-B4 cells, a well characterised cell line derived from the kidney of an African green monkey. In this work we characterised a CHIKV patient isolate from Brazil (CHIKV Brazil ) with regard to cell affinity, infectivity, propagation and cell damage and compared it with a high-passage lab strain (CHIKV Ross ). Infecting various cell lines (Vero-B4, A549, Huh-7, DBTRG, U251, and U138) with both virus strains, we found distinct differences between the two viruses. CHIKV Brazil does not cause cytopathic effects (CPE) in the human hepatocarcinoma cell line Huh-7. Neither CHIKV Brazil nor CHIKV Ross caused CPE on A549 human lung epithelial cells. The human astrocyte derived glioblastoma cell lines U138 and U251 were found to be effective models for lytic infection with both virus strains and we discuss their predictive potential for neurogenic CHIKV disease. We also detected significant differences in antiviral efficacies regarding the two CHIKV strains. Generally, the antivirals ribavirin, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and T-1105 seem to work better against CHIKV Brazil in glioblastoma cells than in Vero-B4. Finally, full genome analyses of the CHIKV isolates were done in order to determine their lineage and possibly explain differences in tissue range and antiviral compound efficacies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11262-022-01892-x.

show abstract

Overview on Chikungunya Virus Pathogenesis

Cited by 3 publications

References 87 publications

Noxious newts and their natural enemies: Experimental effects of tetrodotoxin exposure on trematode parasites and aquatic macroinvertebrates

Noxious newts and their natural enemies: Experimental effects of tetrodotoxin exposure on trematode parasites and aquatic macroinvertebrates

Phylogeography of Rift Valley Fever Virus in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula

CHIKV strains Brazil (wt) and Ross (lab-adapted) differ with regard to cell host range and antiviral sensitivity and show CPE in human glioblastoma cell lines U138 and U251

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About