Overwintering Adults and Springtime Generation of Cacopsylla Picta (Synonym C. Costalis) Can Transmit Apple Proliferation Phytoplasmas

Population Dynamics of Cacopsylla melanoneura (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in Northeast Italy and Its Role in the Apple Proliferation Epidemiology in Apple Orchards

“…However, in a recent report elevated phytoplasma infection rates in C. melanoneura from Trentino region were correlated with the infection level in the plants (Malagnini et al 2010). However, C. picta showed higher natural infection rate and transmission efÞciency even at low density (Frisinghelli et al 2000;Forno et al 2002;Mattedi et al 2007Mattedi et al , 2008 in accordance also with German results (Jarausch et al 2003(Jarausch et al , 2004Mayer et al 2009). Both these insects have a quite complex life cycle.…”

“…Preliminary evidence suggests that overwintered adults are already infected when they remigrate into apple orchards (Jarausch et al 2004, Mattedi et al 2008, so well-timed treatments are very important to control the Þrst individuals that reach the orchards. For this reason a phenology model will be a useful support for vector management decisions.…”

EvaGreen Real-time PCR protocol for specific ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’ detection and quantification in insects

“…These works are based on the use of SYBR Green technology for quantification of 16SrX phytoplasma group in plants [9] and specific 'Ca. Phytoplasma mali' quantification in host plants and vectors [8,20]. On the other hand, Baric & Dalla-Via [34] and Aldaghi [35] developed and used, respectively, a TaqMan Minor Groove Binding (MGB) probe system for the specific detection of 'Ca.…”

Molecular typing of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’ and epidemic history tracing by a combined T-RFLP/VNTR analysis approach

“…P. mali' in several independent transmission trials (Frisinghelli et al 2000;Jarausch et al 2004a;Carraro et al 2008), experiments performed with infected specimens of C. melanoneura succeeded only in North-Western Italy (Tedeschi and Alma 2004;Tedeschi et al 2003). Comprehensive transmission trials with the latter species in Germany completely failed to transmit the pathogen to healthy test plants (Mayer et al 2009).…”

“…P. mali' employed in the transmission experiments (Frisinghelli et al 2000;Jarausch et al 2004a;Tedeschi and Alma 2004;Carraro et al 2008;Mattedi et al 2008;Mayer et al 2009). The present work indicates that the availability of such information could be of utmost relevance for assessing and better understanding the co-adaptation of particular 'Ca.…”