Oxidation-sensing Regulator AbfR Regulates Oxidative Stress Responses, Bacterial Aggregation, and Biofilm Formation in Staphylococcus epidermidis

Liu, Xing; Sun, Xiaoxu; Wu, Youcong; Xie, Cen; Zhang, Wenru; Wang, Dan; Chen, Xiaoyan; Qu, Di; Gan, Jianhua; Chen, Hao; Jiang, Hualiang; Lan, Lefu; Yang, Cai‐Guang

doi:10.1074/jbc.m112.426205

Cited by 27 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…For example, polysaccharide production is known to be linked to biofilms in Staphylococcus , Pseudomonas and Campylobacter (Joshua et al ., ; Rohde et al ., ; Ghafoor et al ., ; Spiliopoulou et al ., ). Links with oxidative stress have been observed with biofilm formation in Campylobacter (Fields and Thompson, ; Oh and Jeon, ), Yersinia (Bobrov et al ., ), Staphylococcus (Liu et al ., ) and Helicobacter (Barnard et al ., ). However, this is not always the case and, as with some other complex multigene functions, convergent phenotypes can be achieved through divergent genetic changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced biofilm formation and multi‐host transmission evolve from divergent genetic backgrounds in Campylobacter jejuni

Pascoe

Méric

Murray

et al. 2015

Environmental Microbiology

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SummaryMulticellular biofilms are an ancient bacterial adaptation that offers a protective environment for survival in hostile habitats. In microaerophilic organisms such as C ampylobacter, biofilms play a key role in transmission to humans as the bacteria are exposed to atmospheric oxygen concentrations when leaving the reservoir host gut. Genetic determinants of biofilm formation differ between species, but little is known about how strains of the same species achieve the biofilm phenotype with different genetic backgrounds. Our approach combines genome‐wide association studies with traditional microbiology techniques to investigate the genetic basis of biofilm formation in 102 C ampylobacter jejuni isolates. We quantified biofilm formation among the isolates and identified hotspots of genetic variation in homologous sequences that correspond to variation in biofilm phenotypes. Thirteen genes demonstrated a statistically robust association including those involved in adhesion, motility, glycosylation, capsule production and oxidative stress. The genes associated with biofilm formation were different in the host generalist ST‐21 and ST‐45 clonal complexes, which are frequently isolated from multiple host species and clinical samples. This suggests the evolution of enhanced biofilm from different genetic backgrounds and a possible role in colonization of multiple hosts and transmission to humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced biofilm formation and multi‐host transmission evolve from divergent genetic backgrounds in Campylobacter jejuni

Pascoe

Méric

Murray

et al. 2015

Environmental Microbiology

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“…In addition, notable difference can be observed in the metabolic profiles of biofilms that are cultivated under normoxia versus anoxia . In Staphylococcus epidermidis , the oxidation‐sensing regulator, AbfR (aggregation and biofilm formation regulator) is responsible for the oxidative stress response and its mutant showed enhanced bacterial aggregation, but reduced biofilm formation . Culturing Streptococcus mutans under aerated conditions reduces biofilm formation and oxygen availability results in variations in bacterial cell surface composition and production of autolysins .…”

Section: Role Of Temperature Oxygen and Osmotic Conditions In Biofimentioning

confidence: 99%

From environmental signals to regulators: Modulation of biofilm development in Gram‐positive bacteria

Mhatre

Gallegos‐Monterrosa

Kovács

2014

J. Basic Microbiol.

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Bacterial lifestyle is influenced by environmental signals, and many differentiation processes in bacteria are governed by the threshold concentrations of molecules present in their niche. Biofilm is one such example where bacteria in their sessile state adapt to a lifestyle that causes several adaptive alterations in the population. Here, a brief overview is given on a variety of environmental signals that bias biofilm development in Gram-positive bacteria, including nutrient conditions, self- and heterologously produced substances, like quorum sensing and host produced molecules. The Gram-positive model organism, Bacillus subtilis is a superb example to illustrate how distinct signals activate sensor proteins that integrate the environmental signals towards global regulators related to biofilm formation. The role of reduced oxygen level, polyketides, antimicrobials, plant secreted carbohydrates, plant cell derived polymers, glycerol, and osmotic conditions are discussed during the transcriptional activation of biofilm related genes in B. subtilis.

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“…Furthermore, excessive levels of ROS due to tissue damage create an environment that can serve as an inviting substrate for bacteria to thrive upon. The relationship between exacerbated levels of ROS and bacteria has been reported previously [76] , [77] . Studies have suggested that DNA double-stranded breaks in bacteria caused by oxidative stress lead to mutagenic repair via DNA repair protein RecA, rendering the variants with increased antibiotic resistance and adaptability to the surrounding microenvironment [76] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…Studies have suggested that DNA double-stranded breaks in bacteria caused by oxidative stress lead to mutagenic repair via DNA repair protein RecA, rendering the variants with increased antibiotic resistance and adaptability to the surrounding microenvironment [76] . Furthermore, during excessive oxidative stress, these bacteria upregulate genes that increase their virulence [77] . In an effort to obtain excessive and persistent levels of oxidative stress, we manipulated the early wound microenvironment by inhibiting catalase [78] and GPx activities [79] and introduced our previously isolated S. epidermidis bacterial strain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Model of Chronic Wounds: Importance of Redox Imbalance and Biofilm-Forming Bacteria for Establishment of Chronicity

et al. 2014

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Chronic wounds have a large impact on health, affecting ∼6.5 M people and costing ∼$25B/year in the US alone [1]. We previously discovered that a genetically modified mouse model displays impaired healing similar to problematic wounds in humans and that sometimes the wounds become chronic. Here we show how and why these impaired wounds become chronic, describe a way whereby we can drive impaired wounds to chronicity at will and propose that the same processes are involved in chronic wound development in humans. We hypothesize that exacerbated levels of oxidative stress are critical for initiation of chronicity. We show that, very early after injury, wounds with impaired healing contain elevated levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and, much like in humans, these levels increase with age. Moreover, the activity of anti-oxidant enzymes is not elevated, leading to buildup of oxidative stress in the wound environment. To induce chronicity, we exacerbated the redox imbalance by further inhibiting the antioxidant enzymes and by infecting the wounds with biofilm-forming bacteria isolated from the chronic wounds that developed naturally in these mice. These wounds do not re-epithelialize, the granulation tissue lacks vascularization and interstitial collagen fibers, they contain an antibiotic-resistant mixed bioflora with biofilm-forming capacity, and they stay open for several weeks. These findings are highly significant because they show for the first time that chronic wounds can be generated in an animal model effectively and consistently. The availability of such a model will significantly propel the field forward because it can be used to develop strategies to regain redox balance that may result in inhibition of biofilm formation and result in restoration of healthy wound tissue. Furthermore, the model can lead to the understanding of other fundamental mechanisms of chronic wound development that can potentially lead to novel therapies.

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Oxidation-sensing Regulator AbfR Regulates Oxidative Stress Responses, Bacterial Aggregation, and Biofilm Formation in Staphylococcus epidermidis

Cited by 27 publications

References 65 publications

Enhanced biofilm formation and multi‐host transmission evolve from divergent genetic backgrounds in Campylobacter jejuni

Enhanced biofilm formation and multi‐host transmission evolve from divergent genetic backgrounds in Campylobacter jejuni

From environmental signals to regulators: Modulation of biofilm development in Gram‐positive bacteria

A Novel Model of Chronic Wounds: Importance of Redox Imbalance and Biofilm-Forming Bacteria for Establishment of Chronicity

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