Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Are Differentially Affected by Atorvastatin, Pravastatin, Rosuvastatin, and Simvastatin on Lungs from Mice Exposed to Cigarette Smoke

Abstract

Our aim was to investigate the effects of four different statins on acute lung inflammation induced by cigarette smoke (CS). C57BL/6 male mice were divided into a control group (sham-smoked) and mice exposed to CS from 12 cigarettes/day for 5 days. Mice exposed to CS were grouped and treated with vehicle (i.p.), atorvastatin (10 mg/kg), pravastatin (10 mg/kg), rosuvastatin (5 mg/kg), or simvastatin (20 mg/kg). Treatment with statins differentially improved the pulmonary response when compared to the CS group. Atorvastatin and pravastatin demonstrated slightly effects on inflammation and oxidative stress. Rosuvastatin demonstrated the best anti-inflammatory effect, whereas simvastatin demonstrated the best antioxidant response.

Atorvastatin protected from paraquat-induced cytotoxicity in alveolar macrophages via down-regulation of TLR-4

“…Statins including ATV, exert pleiotropic effects such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects via cholesterol lowering, regulation of immune cells, reduction of cytokine and chemokine production and scavenging the oxygen-derived free radicals (Ferreira et al, 2014). We previously showed the antioxidant, anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects of ATV on PQ-induced oxidative stress, pulmonary fibrosis and inflammation in rodent model, respectively (Malekinejad et al, 2013(Malekinejad et al, , 2014.…”

High dose and long-term statin therapy accelerate coronary artery calcification

“…Our hypothetical explanation finds confirmation in 2 recent trials based on intravascular ultrasound imaging with 'virtual histology' [28,29]; both trials confirmed that aggressive lipid lowering with statins increases the content of calcium in the coronary plaque. Statins have long been shown not only to lower LDL cholesterol effectively, but also to reduce inflammation and stabilize atherosclerotic plaques and part of the effect may imply calcification of the plaque core [30,31]. On the other hand, there is also experimental evidence that statins may promote calcification of cardiac structures [32].…”

Effect of Simvastatin on Sodium Dichromate-Induced Lung Injury in Rats

“…Hadi et al (2013) reported that SIMV ameliorates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (38). Ferreira et al (2014) found that treatment of mice with 20 mg/kg of SIMV improved the pulmonary damage caused by exposure to tobacco smoke when compared to control animals (26).…”

“…In this experiment, the dose of Cr(VI) to induce oxidative stress was based on a report by Goodarzi et al (25) and Ferreira et al (26). The selected dose of SIMV was as per Ozbakis-Dengiz et al (27) and Mohammadi et al (28).…”