Oxidative stress in the brain of cigarette smoke-induced noxiousness: neuroprotective role of Sesbania grandiflora

Abstract

Cigarette smoking is concerned as a major risk factor in the development of various neurological disorders. Oxidative stress is suggested as a possible contributing factor in the pathogenesis of cigarette smoking-induced toxicity. Therefore, the present study was intended to evaluate the neuroprotective role of Sesbania grandiflora (S. grandiflora) against chronic cigarette smoke induced oxidative damage in rat brain. Adult male Wistar-Kyoto rats were exposed to cigarette smoke for a period of 90 days and consecutively treated with S. grandiflora aqueous suspension (SGAS, 1,000 mg/kg body weight per day by oral gavage) for a period of 3 weeks. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidants status were analyzed in the brain. Rats exposed to cigarette smoke showed significant increase in conjugated diens (CD), hydroperoxides (HP) and malendialdehyde (MDA) levels with concomitant decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activities and the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), vitamin C and vitamin E. Also cigarette smoke-exposure resulted in a marked increase in copper and decrease in zinc, manganese and selenium levels in brain. Administration of SGAS attenuates lipid peroxidation, enhanced the antioxidant status, restored the levels of micronutrients and retained the brain histology. The results of our study indicate that chronic cigarette smoke-exposure accelerates oxidative stress, thereby disquieting the brain defensive mechanism and S. grandiflora protects the brain from the oxidative damage through its biopotency.

Effects of pentachlorophenol on the detoxification system in white-rumped munia ( Lonchura striata )

“…In the current study, PCP caused an increase in SOD and CAT in the low exposure group, suggesting the generation of free radicals and an adaptive response to oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation (Gehringer et al, 2004). GSH-Px catalyzes the reduction of H 2 O 2 and lipid peroxides at the expense of GSH and plays a major role in protecting cells against cytotoxic and carcinogenic chemicals by scavenging ROS (Ramesh et al, 2015). The decreased GSH-Px activity in the livers of all treatment groups after 42 d might be attributed to low levels of GSH and important for the conjugation of lipid peroxides.…”

Traditional Herbal Medicines Against CNS Disorders from Bangladesh

“… Lal chainche Shrub Root, bark, leaves Epilepsy NRE [ 94 ] Sesbania grandiflora Poir. Bock phool Tree Leaves Epilepsy (Sa) Neuroprotective [ 199 , 210 ] Uraria crinita (L.) DC. Diangleja Shrub Whole plant Paralysis (Ch) NRE [ 184 ] Uraria prunellaefolia Graham Bilai-langur Undershrub Root Epilepsy (Ch) NRE [ 129 ] Lygodiaceae Lygodium flexuosum (L.) Sw. Shona jhuri Climber Leaves, stem, root Headache, mental disorder, epilepsy NRE [ 101 , 141 ] Lygodium altum Alderw.…”

Evaluation of globins expression in brain, heart, and lung in rats exposed to side stream cigarette smoke

“…Rats acutely and chronically exposed to SSCS showed a decreased enzymatic antioxidant system and accelerates oxidative stress in the central nervous system (Lobo Torres et al, ; Ramesh et al, ). Subchronic exposure to cigarette smoke caused alterations in antioxidant defense system and a tissue‐specific oxidative stress in brain and lungs of rats (Luchese et al, ).…”