Oxidative stress parameters in rats exposed to fluoride and caffeine

Abstract

SUMMARY:The action of fluoride (F) and aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, ASA) administered separately and together on oxidative stress parameters and on F excretion in rats was studied over a period of six weeks. Thirty adult male Wistar rats were divided into five equal groups of six each: (I) controls receiving tap water; (II) controls receiving intragastrically 1 mL of tap water (once a day); (III) animals receiving 25 mg F/L in their drinking water; (IV) animals receiving 35 mg ASA/kg bw/ day; (V) animals receiving 25 mg F/L in drinking water and 35 mg ASA/kg bw/day. In rats treated only with fluoride the F excretion in urine significantly increased in an exposure time-dependent manner and decreased both in rats treated with ASA and co-exposed to ASA and F. In animals treated with ASA alone, the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and the concentrations of glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) increased in brain, liver and blood, whereas the activity of catalase (CAT) decreased in liver and erythrocytes, but increased in liver. In rats exposed to F alone the concentration of GSH and the activities of GPx and CAT decreased, whereas the concentration of TBARS significantly increased in liver, brain, kidney and blood. In rats co-exposed to F and ASA, the concentrations of GSH and TBARS and the activities of GPx and CAT (except in liver) were higher than in animals receiving only F.

Effect of maternal exposure of fluoride on oxidative stress markers and amelioration by selected antioxidants in developing central nervous system of rats

“…The present study clearly reveals that excessive accumulation of fluoride interfere with structural and functional integrity of the developing nervous system through generation of oxidative stress, leading to alter neuronal integrity. Several studies (Chirumari & Reddy 2007;Inkielewicz & Czanowski 2008;Murali & Panneerselvam 2007;Shivashankara et al 2000;Vani & Reddy 2000) suggest similar results and corroborate the present findings. The detoxification of xenobiotics lead to natural deficit of certain vital nutrients/antioxidants and further risk caused by the increased environmental insults that induce oxidative stress.…”

“…In vivo studies confirm that the fluoride ion is strongly reactive due to its high negative charge density and alter the distribution of electrons, including enzymes and membrane transport proteins, thereby affecting the metabolites of many cells, tissues and organs (Korkmaz 2000). In advanced stages of fluorosis, neurological manifestations such as paralysis of limbs, vertigo, spasticity in extremities and impaired mental acuity are observed in humans (Inkielewicz & Czanowski 2008;Inkielewicz & Krechniak 2004;Mullenix et al 1995).…”

“…As seen in many chronic degenerative diseases, increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation has been considered in pathogenesis and recent studies suggest that oxidative stress is a possible pathologic mediating factor in fluoride toxicity (Birkner et al 2006;Inkielewicz & Czanowski 2008;Krechniak & Inkielewicz 2005), but its occurrence in the developing stages of life during maternal fluoride exposure is unclear. Exposure to chemical agents during early developmental stages of life results in longterm irreversible consequences with their structure and function and account for qualitative differences in agerelated susceptibility (Fu & Ji 2003;Plantin et al 1987).…”

Mitigating role of quercetin against sodium fluoride-induced oxidative stress in the rat brain

“…Chronic fluoride intoxication or fluorosis has been shown to be associated with a manifestation of neurological dysfunctions in humans and experimental animals (Shivarajashankara et al, 2001). It has also been demonstrated that one of the various mechanisms of fluoride-induced injury of the central nervous systems is attributed to oxidative stress in neural cells (Inkielewicz & Czanowski, 2008). Moreover, reports from various laboratories established a close correlation between oxidative stress in animals and fluoride intoxication (Bhatnagar et al, 2002;Shivashankara et al, 2002).…”

Using of Coffee and Cardamom Mixture to Ameliorate Oxidative Stress Induced in γ-irradiated Rats

“…Abreu et al, [55] found that the consumption of coffee decreased the lipid peroxidation of the membranes; increased the concentration of glutathione, a potent endogenous antioxidant; and increased the activity of two antioxidant enzymes, glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase. Undoubtedly, these beneficial effects of coffee on antioxidant properties are partly due to caffeine, kahweol and cafestol [56][57][58]. In addition to the effect of coffee, cardamom also have a potential antioxidants such as 1, 8-ceineoil and alphaterpineol, protocatechualdehyde and protocatechuic acid which have health benefits by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and activation of antioxidant enzymes [24,25].…”