Oxidative stress responses in human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to cigarette smoke and vapor from tobacco- and nicotine-containing products

Abstract

The use of novel tobacco- and nicotine-containing vapor products that do not combust tobacco leaves is on the rise worldwide. The emissions of these products typically contain lower numbers and levels of potentially harmful chemicals compared with conventional cigarette smoke. These vapor products may therefore elicit fewer adverse biological effects. We compared the effects of emissions from different types of such products, i.e., our proprietary novel tobacco vapor product (NTV), a commercially available heat-not-burn tobacco product (HnB), and e-cigarette (E-CIG), and a combustible cigarette in a human bronchial epithelial cell line. The aqueous extract (AqE) of the test product was prepared by bubbling the produced aerosol into medium. Cells were exposed to the AqEs of test products, and then glutathione oxidation, Nrf2 activation, and secretion of IL-8 and GM-CSF were examined. We found that all endpoints were similarly perturbed by exposure to each AqE, but the effective dose ranges were different between cigarette smoke and the tobacco- and nicotine-containing vapors. These results demonstrate that the employed assays detect differences between product exposures, and thus may be useful to understand the relative potential biological effects of tobacco- and nicotine-containing products.

A Comparison of Flavorless Electronic Cigarette-Generated Aerosol and Conventional Cigarette Smoke on the Planktonic Growth of Common Oral Commensal Streptococci

“…Therefore, it is imperative to report the results of this study, tackling the effects of each component of ECIG-generated aerosol trapped in BHI individually. To perform these experiments, we followed an alternative version of already established smoke delivery methods into media [51,52], and compared this to the effects E-liquid components pipetted directly into this broth. This paper also describes the overall biomass of biofilms after exposure to either E-liquid or aerosol trapped in the growth medium.…”

“…Air, flavorless ECIG aerosol either with or without nicotine, and smoke were delivered into BHI following a modified version of previously established methodology [51,52] using two Cole-Parmer Master Flex L/S peristaltic pumps (Vernon Hills, IL, USA). One pump setup was used exclusively for smoke.…”

E-cigarette Risk Factors and Effects on Adolescent Health in the United States

“…The study used four different types of nicotine products, tobacco vapor products, heat-not-burn tobacco products, e-cigarettes, and a combustible cigarette to compare the effects of each product. The result from the study showed possible cell death and reduced function of lung health from the e-cigarette vapor inhalation (Munakata et al, 2018). Another study conducted by Queimado et al (2018), further underscores the dangers associated with the utilization of e-cigarette products.…”

“…Findings from these two studies are critical because, they show that using e-cigarette products can cause lung cell death, or reduced lung function. It also makes a clear case for why e-cigarettes should not be used as an alternative to tobacco products by adolescents, as the aerosol they inhale, have toxic characteristics (Munakata et al, 2018).…”

Novel biomarker genes which distinguish between smokers and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with machine learning approach

“…Moreover, various next-generation products (NGPs), including e-cigarettes and heat-not-burn tobacco products, have been recently introduced in global markets [3,4]. These NGPs can potentially reduce the harms associated with tobacco use because of their reduced yields of toxicants, which is attributable to the generation of aerosols without combusting tobacco leaves [5,6], but the effects of long-term use of these NGPs on human health remain controversial [7,8] despite previous non-clinical [9][10][11][12] and clinical studies [13][14][15]. Epidemiological analysis could be one of the solutions to estimate the realistic risk of the use of such products, but several years would be needed to reach a conclusion.…”