Oxide‐Based Electrochromics

Abstract

Electrochromic (EC) device technology can be used for modulating the transmittance of visible light and solar radiation in see-through applications, including in architectural windows. This chapter gives a broad overview of oxide-based EC technology with particular emphasis on the large energy savings that can be achieved by its implementation in the built environment; the savings can be made simultaneously with achieving improved indoor comfort for the users of the building. Manufacturing aspects are considered with focus on methods compatible with low-cost roll-to-roll methods. Recent work on foil-type devices embodying sputter deposited WO 3 and NiO-based films joined by a polymer electrolyte is then discussed in particular detail, as are some recent research results of particular relevance for the indicated applications.The current research and development on oxide-based electrochromics is to a large extent tied to the possibilities of this technology being able to provide energy efficiency in buildings and hence contribute to combating the harmful effects of global warming. A brief discussion of these issues serves as an appropriate background to this chapter. Global warming is presently receiving worldwide attention, and means to alleviate its harmful influences are urgently needed [1]. The effects are real and with us today; thus, for example, it has been stated that the warming and precipitation trends due to anthropogenic climate change during the past three decades has already claimed over 150 000 human lives per year [2,3]. Furthermore, these changes may be accompanied by more frequent and/or extreme events such as heatwaves, heavy rainfall, storms and coastal flooding. It is also predicted that nonlinear climate responses can lead to breakdown of ocean 'conveyor belt' Transparent Electronics: From Synthesis to Applications Edited by Antonio Facchetti and Tobin J. Marks

Completing the Color Palette with Spray-Processable Polymer Electrochromics

“…EC materials are exemplified by thin films of electroactive metal oxides (e.g., WO 3 ), soluble molecular electrochromes (e.g., viologens), and π-conjugated polymers. Those interested in reading more on these materials in general are directed to the several excellent reviews in the literature that have been published over recent years. − …”

Effect of In2O3 Dopant on the Properties of V2O5 Thin Films Prepared by Vacuum Deposition on ITO Substrates

“…Among the various metal oxides the promising candidate, which possesses an interesting catalytic properties of divalent metal vanadates (V) [1,2], including cobalt (II) vanadates (V) [3,4] have been recognized for many years. The variety of vanadium oxidation states ranging from 2+to5+, wide band gap, good thermal, chemical stability and also the unevenness of oxygen coordination geometry causes the two phases such as magnolia (V n O 2n-1 ) and Wadsley (V 2n O 5n-2 ) helps to improve the performance of V 2 O 5 cathode in lithium ion batteries [5,6,7]. The most stable form of the V-O system in the V 2 O 5 was constructed the orthorhombic unit cell structure and also it shows a good resistive property to corrosion because of formation of a surface oxide film, hence it is not affected by water, air, acids at room temperature [8,9].…”