“…HAP is the main inorganic component of vertebrate bones and teeth with merits of being non-toxic, non-polluting and resistant to high temperatures. 31 Because of its unique porous structure, large specific surface area, abundant surface adsorption sites and stable physical properties, it has been widely used as a carrier for absorption, 32 biomedicine, 33 drug carriers 34 and catalysis. 35 These structures include needle, granular, spherical, rod, linear, porous, 36–38 and hydroxyapatite nanowires (HAPNWs), with the latter widely used due to their high length-to-diameter ratio, high flexibility and tendency to form a three-dimensional (3D) multi-hole network structure.…”