Oximetric versus indicator dilution techniques for quantitating intracardiac left-to-right shunting in adults

Echocardiographic automated cardiac output measurement of pulmonary output and quantification of intracardiac shunt

“…The quantification of ICS and the evaluation of repercussions on right and left cavities allow to determine the best therapeutic strategy. Today, the gold standard remains cardiac catheterisation with measurement of pressures and calculation of QP/QS ratio, using the oximetric method [21,22]. However, this invasive method may have complications and actually, quantitative echocardiography is frequently tempted.…”

“…The oximetric method was performed to quantify the size of the left-toright shunt in all patients from group IA [21,22], using the Fick principle for the calculation of pulmonary and systemic outputs. Invasive method is the reference method for the quantification of ICS.…”

New pulmonary vein Doppler echocardiographic index predicts significant interatrial shunting in secundum atrial septal defect

“…Indicator dilution techniques or oximetry using Fick's principle are the widely accepted reference standards for quantification of IAS, though they are invasive and therefore not suitable for initial assessment and follow-up of patients [26][27][28]. Other non-invasive imaging modalities such as radionuclide technology or phase contrast cine cardiac magnetic resonance also have inherent limitations [29].…”

“…Indications for intervention included large left-to-right shunting, presence of symptoms or paradoxical embolization. Oximetry using Fick's principle is the widely accepted reference standard for quantification of interatrial shunting but its application is limited by invasiveness [1][2][3]. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) remains the first choice imaging option for the initial assessment of patients suspected to have ASD.…”

Vergleich von biventrikulärer MR-Volumetrie und MR-Flussmessungen in Aorta ascendens und Truncus pulmonalis zur intrakardialen Shuntbestimmung

“…der Oxymetrie [1] oder der Indikatorverdünnungsmethode [2] möglich. Zu den nichtinvasiven Methoden gehören die Echokardiographie, Radionuklidventrikulographie und MRT.…”