Oxybenzone contamination from sunscreen pollution and its ecological threat to Hanauma Bay, Oahu, Hawaii, U.S.A.

Downs, Craig A.; Bishop, Elizabeth; Díaz˗Cruz, M. Silvia; Haghshenas, S. Abbas; Stien, Didier; Rodrigues, A. S.; Woodley, Cheryl M.; Sunyer-Caldú, Adrià; Doust, Shadan Nasseri; Espero, William; Ward, G G; Farhangmehr, Aref; Samimi, S. Maryam Tabatabaee; Risk, Michael J.; Lebaron, Philippe; DiNardo, Joseph C

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132880

Cited by 40 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…As far as UV filters are concerned, it is important to monitor and evaluate their impact on bathing sites since bathing is one of the major causes of contamination of aquatic environments by UV filters. For example, we showed that localized concentrations of benzophenone-3 (or oxybenzone) endangered organisms living in Hanauma Bay and that the main sources of benzophenone-3 were bathers and beach showers from which large quantities of UV filtersincluding octocryleneleach into the sea. , This situation in Hanauma Bay is not unique as water column concentrations of octocrylene greater than 1 μg/L and up to 200 μg/L have been described in various bathing areas around the world. − Octocrylene, like many other UV filters, is extremely lipophilic, and octocrylene concentration can be even higher in sediments, for which contamination data are more sparse. Nonetheless, concentrations of 100 μg/kg to over 1000 μg/kg are frequently measured. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…For example, we showed that localized concentrations of benzophenone-3 (or oxybenzone) endangered organisms living in Hanauma Bay and that the main sources of benzophenone-3 were bathers and beach showers from which large quantities of UV filters�including octocrylene�leach into the sea. 11,12 Hanauma Bay is not unique as water column concentrations of octocrylene greater than 1 μg/L and up to 200 μg/L have been described in various bathing areas around the world. 13−15 Octocrylene, like many other UV filters, is extremely lipophilic, and octocrylene concentration can be even higher in sediments, for which contamination data are more sparse.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comparative Metabolomics Approach Demonstrates That Octocrylene Accumulates in Stylophora pistillata Tissues as Derivatives and That Octocrylene Exposure Induces Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cell Senescence

Thorel

Clergeaud

Rodrigues

et al. 2022

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

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The objective of this work was to study the effect of octocrylene on Stylophora pistillata and to compare the metabolomic response of this coral species to that obtained with Pocillopora damicornis. When S. pistillata coral was exposed to octocrylene, it accumulated octocrylene derivatives similar to P. damicornis. Octocrylene−fatty acid conjugates were found, as well as octocrylene heterosides. Furthermore, the tissue concentrations of various acylcarnitines and three sphingoid bases increased significantly. This phenomenon was indicative of mitochondrial dysfunction and the induction of cellular senescence processes in exposed corals. Overall, the responses of the two corals to octocrylene pollution were consistent. The proven impact of octocrylene on a second coral species suggests that potential environmental octocrylene pollution could impact many reef-building species. Furthermore, this work demonstrates that octocrylene may be modified in vivo by many organisms and that levels of octocrylene contamination in the food chain have probably been underestimated until now.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Metabolomics Approach Demonstrates That Octocrylene Accumulates in Stylophora pistillata Tissues as Derivatives and That Octocrylene Exposure Induces Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cell Senescence

Thorel

Clergeaud

Rodrigues

et al. 2022

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

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“…Sunscreen pollution can be a symptom of unsustainable tourism and coastal development, impacting marine and aquatic resources (Koh & Fakfare, 2019; Downs et al, 2021). With increasing tourism and recreational intensity in ecologically sensitive areas, there is a concomitant increase in the geographic distribution and abundance of tourism‐pollution plumes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sunscreen pollution and tourism governance: Science and innovation are necessary for biodiversity conservation and sustainable tourism

Downs

Remengesau

2022

Aquatic Conservation

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1. Sunscreen pollution can be a symptom of unsustainable tourism and coastal development, impacting marine and aquatic resources. When introduced into marine and freshwater ecosystems, sunscreen pollution can cause a cascade of insults to the ecological structure, from impacting primary production to reducing wildlife reproductive viability and fecundity.2. Without intervention, tourism and its associated development in these coastal areas may become self-destructive, ultimately degrading or destroying the natural resources that are the principal attractions. The environmental sciences that focus on pollution, such as ecotoxicology, environmental contaminant surveys and monitoring, and ecological risk assessments are critical for both describing the pollution phenomenon and identifying pollution sources, as well as providing the basis for mitigation.3. As a case study, the Republic of Palau has taken the step of implementing a precautionary governance policy to tourism that conserves and protects its marine and aquatic resources from chemical factors that are known to contribute to sunscreen and cosmetic pollution. 4. Governance policies can inspire the cosmetic and fashion industries to innovate product formulations that are shown to be ecologically safera critical and viable option for pollution mitigation and an essential component for sustained conservation. Safer products and a precautionary approach to governance, when combined with ecologically and culturally cognizant branding and education, may contribute to an authentic experience that effectively promotes environmentally sustainable tourism.

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“…For example, trampling by tourists can lead to disturbance of local vegetation and damage in coastal environments (sand dunes and intertidal areas), and also underwater, damaging coral reefs (Davenport and Davenport, 2006;Pickering and Hill, 2007;Defeo et al, 2009). Moreover, visitors can leave their debris along the beach causing problems to marine organisms through tangling and ingestion (Beeharry et al, 2017), and they contribute to sunscreen pollution that cause a cascade of impacts to the ecological structure (Koh and Fakfare, 2020;Downs et al, 2022). Tourists interested in observing nocturnal fauna are responsible for light pollution which can cause changes in orientation, disorientation, or misorientation, and attraction or repulsion from the altered light environment, which in turn may affect foraging, reproduction, migration, and communication (Longcore and Rich, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Effects of an Informal Education Program on Tourist Environmental Perception

et al. 2022

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Tourism is one of the most important economic sectors worldwide, with significant overarching impact on the environment, including negative effects caused by tourist inappropriate behavior while on vacation. By providing informal educational activities, tourism also has an educative role that leads to positive learning outcomes and beneficial environmental effects. Here we present the short- and long-term outcomes of a project for environmental education (Glocal Education) carried out in three travel destinations, aimed at promoting sustainability variables (knowledge, attitude, and awareness) in participating tourists. Since psychological components can affect learning outcomes, we also considered tourist satisfaction in participating in the project and identification with its values, as well as the intention to travel with the hosting tour operator again in the future. Tourists were asked to complete evaluation questionnaires three times: before Glocal Education activities, right after activities (i.e., while still on vacation), and after at least one year from initial project participation. Short- and long-term learning outcomes were tested, and possible relations between these variables and psychological components (satisfaction, identification, and intention) of the learning experience were verified. Overall, knowledge, attitude and awareness increased in the short term, while in the long term, knowledge and attitude decreased, and awareness remained constant. In most cases, psychological components showed positive relation with sustainability variables, which suggested their important role in structuring and carrying out environmental education activities. This study suggests that informal environmental education activities can be advantageous for tourism stakeholders in terms of customer loyalty. Such activities can contribute to enhance environment literacy, by allowing tourists to observe the environmental impact caused by human activity, and understand how their day-to-day actions, even if small, might help address some of the current concerns for environmental conservation.

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Oxybenzone contamination from sunscreen pollution and its ecological threat to Hanauma Bay, Oahu, Hawaii, U.S.A.

Cited by 40 publications

References 102 publications

A Comparative Metabolomics Approach Demonstrates That Octocrylene Accumulates in Stylophora pistillata Tissues as Derivatives and That Octocrylene Exposure Induces Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cell Senescence

A Comparative Metabolomics Approach Demonstrates That Octocrylene Accumulates in Stylophora pistillata Tissues as Derivatives and That Octocrylene Exposure Induces Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cell Senescence

Sunscreen pollution and tourism governance: Science and innovation are necessary for biodiversity conservation and sustainable tourism

Long-Term Effects of an Informal Education Program on Tourist Environmental Perception

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