Oxygen Delivery Systems

Bach, Jonathan F.

doi:10.1002/9781119277187.ch15

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…During the expiratory pause, oxygen fills the volume inside the mask as it flows from the flowmeter. The amount of oxygen inhaled depends on the respiratory rate and the amount of space between the mask and the muzzle of the dog acting as a reservoir [1]. The reservoir volume is variable, and, to match the peak inspiratory flow, masks frequently have side vented holes for room air entrance, leading to a variable oxygen dilution with room air.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hypoxemia or an arterial oxygen content lower than expected can occur in patients with diseases affecting the respiratory system or with respiratory muscle dysfunctions. Moreover, abnormal respiratory function during recovery from anesthesia or deep sedation can lead to a low arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO 2 ) in dogs breathing room air [1,2]. Non or minimally invasive oxygen supplementation techniques are the first-line treatment to increase PaO 2 and, therefore, oxygen tissue delivery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxygen Reserve Index as a Tool to Monitor Four Techniques of Oxygen Supplementation at Different Flow Rates in Dogs Sedated with Dexmedetomidine and an Opioid

Bellini,

De Benedictis

2023

Animals

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Respiratory dysfunction often decreases arterial oxygen content. Four common oxygen delivery techniques—flow-by, nasal prongs, a tight-vented mask, and a tight mask connected to a Venturi valve—were evaluated for their effectiveness in increasing the oxygen reserve index (ORi), a dimensionless index of oxygen content that provides additional information compared to traditional pulse oximetry (SpO2) during hyperoxia (PaO2 100–200 mmHg), and that ranges from 0 to 1. Thirty-two dogs sedated with dexmedetomidine and an opioid were evenly divided into four groups based on the technique for oxygen administration. Each dog received oxygen at 1, 2, and 3 L/min by a single technique, and the amount of inhaled oxygen (FiO2) was measured at the level of the cervical trachea. At each flow rate, ORi and SpO2 were recorded. The flow-by method minimally increased the FiO2, and ORi reached its highest value only in 3 out of 8 dogs at the maximum flow rate. Other methods exhibited direct correlations between the oxygen flow rate and ORi (p < 0.001). These methods effectively increased FiO2 and ORi, with over half of the values exceeding 40% and 0.4, respectively. The tight-vented mask showed variable increases in FiO2, ranging between 22 and 90%. Despite method-dependent variations, all devices increased SpO2 > 98% as the FiO2 increased (p = 0.002). In conclusion, nasal prongs and the mask connected to the Venturi valve showed the highest correlation between the oxygen flow rate and the ORi. These results suggest that using these two techniques in conjunction with ORI can help in optimizing oxygen therapy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%