Oxygen measurements in the root zone facilitated by TDR

Topp, G. C.; Dow, B. K.; Edwards, Martin B.; Gregorich, E.G.; Curnoe, W. E.; Cook, F. J.

doi:10.4141/s99-037

Cited by 28 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Oxygen concentrations within the soil decline with depth (Topp et al 2000). High soil moisture, soil compaction, high microbial activity, or poor soil structure may decrease soil oxygen concentration or inhibit gaseous movement within the soil (Drew 1992;Hodgson and Macleod 1989;Ishii and Kadoya 1991).…”

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confidence: 99%

Seed germination of common weed species as affected by oxygen concentration, light, and osmotic potential

Boyd¹,

Acker

2004

Weed sci.

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Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the effects of oxygen concentration (21, 10, 5, and 2.5%), exposure to light, and osmotic potential on the germination of wheat, canola, and various weed species. Germination of most species increased as osmotic potential was increased. Seed germination for some species like barnyardgrass was inhibited by the combination of exposure to normoxic (21% oxygen) conditions and light. This combination of conditions may function as a signal to prevent soil surface germination. Wild mustard germination increased with increasing oxygen concentration when seeds were not exposed to light, whereas green foxtail germination was relatively insensitive to oxygen concentration. Wild oat germination increased with increasing osmotic potential, and osmotic potential had a greater influence when the seeds were exposed to light. Dandelion, foxtail barley, curly dock, and perennial sowthistle germination was affected more by osmotic potential and light exposure than by oxygen concentration. A better understanding of the mechanisms of depth detection for specific species will lead to a better understanding of their recruitment biology. This information may help model the potential for invasion and proliferation of each species as well as devise improved management strategies.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed germination of common weed species as affected by oxygen concentration, light, and osmotic potential

Boyd¹,

Acker

2004

Weed sci.

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“…D 0 , C 0 , B) or on experimental values obtained by independent measurements of our set-up (F, 3 g , q v ). the time of exposure of the edge of the soil to ambient oxygen, and using a threshold oxygen level of 0.1 mg L À1 (as the minimum method detection limit) gives penetration depths of 35,31,29,25,19,15,12, and 10 cm aer 20 minutes for 0, 5, 10, 25, 50, 70, 90 and 100% volumetric water saturation, respectively. 4 (upper) between theory and practice is remarkable and it is achieved without using any adjustable parameter.…”

Section: Oxygen Penetration Depthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2 Therefore, oxygen is the most sought-aer chemical prole in heterogeneous ecosystems as well as in unstirred technological reactors. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Soil gas sampling techniques are impractical in moist or ne grained soil. 7,8 Oxygen proling in soil poses a different challenge and is much needed since the subsurface is oen heterogeneous, and oxygen tension varies in time and space.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though these techniques provide time dependent information, they have limited spatial resolution, especially for deep locations, since a dedicated probe/sampler should be installed at each depth, and the sampling probes are not easily retrieved at the end of the measurement period. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Soil gas sampling techniques are impractical in moist or ne grained soil. [9][10][11] We had to face the challenge of oxygen proling during our studies of processes in the Shafdan effluent recharge systems, which will be described in more detail in the Experimental section.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxygen profiling of the unsaturated zone using direct push drilling

Sopilniak

Elkayam

Lev

et al. 2015

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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A methodology for oxygen profile measurements in the unsaturated zone is developed based on direct push drilling using sampling liners equipped with homemade silicone septa. The oxygen measurement is carried out by puncturing the septum with a commercial retractable optode needle fitted with a fluorescent tip. Metrological characteristics and method validation were carried out under laboratory conditions using different levels of oxygen and various water contents. The relative standard deviations under dry and water saturated soil conditions were less than 0.3% and 5% for 0.5 mg L(-1) of oxygen and less than 2% and 3% for 9 mg L(-1). Field demonstrations in a calcareous-sandstone soil aquifer treatment system with a layered clayey, marl and sandstone lithology of widely different water contents provided down to 30 m deep profiles of the dissolved oxygen level with less than 1.5 m spatial resolution. A single sensor was used for over 50 field measurements, though recalibration was required after approximately 30 measurements due to the deterioration of the fluorescent tip.

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“…O 2 concentration was reduced significantly in 10-to 35-cm soil depths, and in some cases even below 3%. The O 2 level in the soil declined with increasing depth, and at 30-cm depth, the O 2 concentration was less than 0.01 kg m −3 soil, which is inadequate for plant growth (Topp et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The effect of oxygen concentration on the germination of some weed species under control conditions

Yasin

Andreasen

2019

Weed Sci

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Continuous use of heavy machinery in fields and frequent farm traffic sometimes result in soil compaction. Soil compaction reduces the oxygen (O2) concentration in soil capillaries and hence lowers the O2 availability for germinating seeds. We investigated how reduced O2 levels changed germination behavior of weeds to elucidate their potential to adapt to O2-deficient soils (compacted, compressed, and waterlogged soils and soils with hard surfaces). Two similar laboratory experiments were conducted with five O2 treatments (20.9%, 15%, 10%, 5%, and 2.5%). The germination percentage of the invasive weed hairy fiddleneck [Amsinckia menziesii (Lehm.) A. Nelson & J.F. Macbr. var. menziesii] and the common weeds common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) and Persian speedwell (Veronica persica Poir) was not significantly reduced at 15% O2. The germination of scarlet pimpernel (Anagallis arvensis L. ssp. arvensis), silky windgrass [Apera spica-venti (L.) Beauv.], catchweed bedstraw (Galium aparine L.), and knawel (Scleranthus annuus L.) was significantly reduced at 15% O2. The highest germination was obtained at 20.9% O2 for blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.), A. spica-venti, G. aparine, annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.), wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.), scentless chamomile [Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip.], field violet (Viola arvensis Murray) and the less common weeds A. arvensis and S. annuus. Distribution of flora in the landscape may change on O2-deficient soils by reducing germination of some species such as A. arvensis and S. annuus and favoring others like A. menziesii and C. album. The ability to germinate at 2.5% and 5% O2 may contribute to explain why A. myosuroides and A. menziesii have become successful as weeds on O2-deficient soils, as they maintained a germination percentage between 34% and 58% at 2.5% O2.

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Oxygen measurements in the root zone facilitated by TDR

Cited by 28 publications

References 20 publications

Seed germination of common weed species as affected by oxygen concentration, light, and osmotic potential

Seed germination of common weed species as affected by oxygen concentration, light, and osmotic potential

Oxygen profiling of the unsaturated zone using direct push drilling

The effect of oxygen concentration on the germination of some weed species under control conditions

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