Oxymethylene Ethers as Diesel Fuel Additives of the Future

Lumpp, Björn; Rothe, Dieter; Pastötter, Christian; Lämmermann, Reinhard; Jacob, Eberhard

doi:10.1365/s38313-011-0027-z

Cited by 160 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Saturation of the sample with NH 3 was performed by using av olumetric ratio of 1:99 for NH 3 and He during 1h at 50 8C. XPS spectra were recorded by using am onochromatic AlK a X-ray source of 24.8 Wand ab eam size of 100 mmo naPHI VersaProbe II scanning XPS microprobe (Physical Instruments AG, Germany).…”

Section: Materials Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nature of Synergy between Brønsted and Lewis Acid Sites in Sn–Beta Zeolites for Polyoxymethylene Dimethyl Ethers Synthesis

et al. 2019

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The role of Lewis and Brønsted acid sites and their potential synergy remains ambiguous for the production of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (OME), which are suitable as a Diesel substitute. Here, this synergistic effect was investigated by using a series of beta polymorph A (BEA) zeolites with various degrees of Brønsted and Lewis acidity. Lewis acidity was introduced in dealuminated zeolites by Sn grafting in dichloromethane. These sites were only active in paraformaldehyde decomposition, OME growth, and acetalization. The Brønsted acid sites arising from bridging hydroxyl groups were active for all reaction steps, and notably for trioxane ring‐opening and dissociation to formaldehyde (FA), which did not occur on the Lewis acid sites. Presence of both Lewis and Brønsted acid sites led to a four‐fold increase in turnover frequency and a significant decrease of byproduct formation compared with the parent zeolite during OME synthesis from dimethoxymethane and trioxane. The synergistic effect between both types of acid sites is explained by FA insertion on Lewis acid sites leading to OME growth. Interaction between tetrahedral Sn and the carbonyl group of FA resulted in an activated carbonyl bond, which was likely the initial step for insertion of FA into OME.

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Section: Materials Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nature of Synergy between Brønsted and Lewis Acid Sites in Sn–Beta Zeolites for Polyoxymethylene Dimethyl Ethers Synthesis

et al. 2019

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“…Diesel/DMM blends require engine modification; DMM and DME lower the fuel viscosity and can reduce diesel solubility at low temperatures, thereby increasing the fuel vapor pressure . Oxymethylene ethers with the chemical structure CH 3 ‐O‐[CH 2 ‐O‐] n ‐CH 3 have physical properties similar to diesel fuels and many advantages over methanol and other oxygenated additives, such as high self‐ignition properties, high miscibility with diesel fuel in any concentration, no toxicity, and good material compatibility . Lautenschütz et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies reported the synthesis of OME from various pathways, but few have explored the production of OME starting from biomass . Oxymethylene ether production from methane‐based products has been presented by Burger et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of the production cost of oxymethylene ethers as diesel additives from biomass

Oyedun

Kumar

Oestreich

et al. 2018

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Oxymethylene ethers (OMEs) are important diesel additives because of their ability to reduce soot loading, particulate matter (PM) emissions, and NOx emissions. Some research has been undertaken on the feasibility of producing OMEs from biomass but there is no techno‐economic assessment of OME production from biomass. In this study, we estimate the unit cost to produce OMEn (n = 1–8) from three different biomass types common to western Canada: whole‐tree woodchips, forest residues, and wheat straw. The techno‐economic model uses the OME production simulation results for 500 MT day−1 of dry biomass. The simulation results show that 97.70, 98.86, and 99.80 MT day−1 of OME1–8 can be produced from whole‐tree woodchips, forest residues, and wheat straw, respectively. The costs of producing OME per liter over 20 years of production are $1.93 ±0.15/L, $1.68 ±0.14/L, and $1.66 ±0.13/L, respectively, at a 95% confidence level for whole‐tree woodchips, forest residues, and wheat straw biomass. The sensitivity analysis results show that the internal rate of return, OME yield, capital cost, and biomass delivery cost significantly influence OME unit price. The production price versus capacity profile reveals that the optimum minimum price can be obtained at a plant capacity of 4000 MT day−1 of biomass; beyond this, the increase in capacity does not result in any appreciable decrease in production price. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…Despite their higher efficiency, diesel cars suffer from excessive NO x emissions which has contributed to their bad reputation. Polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (OME) are a new class of biofuel that were recently introduced as potential diesel additive or substitute . OME are oligomers composed of an oxymethylene chain capped by a methyl‐ and a methoxy‐group, that drastically decreases the concentration of harmful pollutants in the exhaust gas (i. e. soot and NO x ) when blended with diesel fuel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the Nature of the Active Sites of Tin‐Montmorillonite for the Synthesis of Polyoxymethylene Dimethyl Ethers (OME)

et al. 2019

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In this study, we report that intercalation of tin into montmorillonite clay (Sn‐MMT) boosts catalytic activity for the synthesis of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers, a promising diesel fuel additive. This increase in activity is attributed to the formation of a hierarchical catalyst displaying high surface area with accessible Brønsted and Lewis acid sites. Extensive characterization such as MAS‐NMR, XRD and in‐situ DRIFTS confirmed that tin insertion induced reorganization of the clay layers into a disorganized house‐of‐cards structure. It also revealed that tin resided between the clay layers as defective SnO2 nanocrystals stabilized by the negative charge of MMT. The source of acidity in Sn‐MMT was studied by comparing it with two similar materials, namely Sn(OH)4, and thermally treated Sn‐MMT. Low activity measured for isolated hydroxylated SnO2 nanoparticles illustrates the importance of having clay and tin in close proximity. Meanwhile, deactivation upon thermal treatment occurred via sintering of the tin phase and diffusion of the protons inside the layers. Sn‐MMT acidity is attributed to the combination of Si−OH−Al groups, formed as a by‐product of SnO2 crystallization, and undercoordinated Sn surface sites, stabilized by the negative charge of MMT.

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Oxymethylene Ethers as Diesel Fuel Additives of the Future

Cited by 160 publications

References 2 publications

Nature of Synergy between Brønsted and Lewis Acid Sites in Sn–Beta Zeolites for Polyoxymethylene Dimethyl Ethers Synthesis

Nature of Synergy between Brønsted and Lewis Acid Sites in Sn–Beta Zeolites for Polyoxymethylene Dimethyl Ethers Synthesis

The development of the production cost of oxymethylene ethers as diesel additives from biomass

Insights into the Nature of the Active Sites of Tin‐Montmorillonite for the Synthesis of Polyoxymethylene Dimethyl Ethers (OME)

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