Oxytetracycline Toxicity and Its Effect on Phytoremediation by Sedum plumbizincicola and Medicago sativa in Metal-Contaminated Soil

Abstract

Excessive use of antibiotics potentially threatens human health, agricultural production, and soil phytoremediation. This arouses concern over the potential adverse effects of a commonly used antibiotic, oxytetracycline (OTC), on plants used for soil remediation and possible stimulation of antibiotic resistance genes in soils. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate different rates (0, 1, 5, and 25 mg kg −1 ) and frequencies (one single high and daily low application) of OTC addition to soil on phytoremediation of a heavy metal contaminated soil by Sedum plumbizincicola and/or Medicago sativa (alfalfa). After 90 days both Cd and Zn were substantially removed by phytoextraction into S. plumbizincicola shoots especially at the high OTC (25 mg kg −1 ) treatment which also led to inhibition of antioxidative enzyme activities in both plant species. Soil microbial activity decreased significantly with the addition of OTC, and this was ameliorated by planting alfalfa and S. plumbizincicola together. OTC at <5 mg kg −1 increased the biomass of both plant species, but the frequency of OTC addition had no effect on the rate of metal removal. Alfalfa exhibited greater detoxification ability and effectiveness in soil microbial activity promotion than S. plumbizincicola with intercropping. Phytoremediation by alfalfa and S. plumbizincicola in association can both promote the removal of heavy metals and also alleviate the toxic effects of pollutants on plants and soil microbes even at relatively high soil OTC concentrations.

Strategy for Mitigating Antibiotic Resistance by Biochar and Hyperaccumulators in Cadmium and Oxytetracycline Co-contaminated Soil

“…Soil was spiked with Cd solution to reach a final concentration of 5 mg/kg and then aged at 25 °C and moderate soil moisture (70% of maximum water-holding capacity) for 8 weeks to simulate heavy Cd-contaminated soil as previously described. 30 Aliquots of original and Cd-contaminated soil were spiked with OTC solution to obtain a concentration of 10 mg/kg and subsequently aged at 25 °C and 70% of the maximum waterholding capacity for 1 week. Soil with four treatments was used for pot experiments, including original soil (CK), Cdcontaminated soil (M), OTC-contaminated soil (A), and Cd-and OTC-contaminated soil (A + M).…”

Corncob biochar combined with Bacillus subtilis to reduce Cd availability in low Cd-contaminated soil

“…40 The moisture content of the soil was maintained at 70% eld capacity in each beaker. 7,41 Aer 7, 14, and 56 days of incubation, the soil samples were collected, dried, and stored for further analyses aer sieving with a 100-mesh sieve. The incubation periods were selected because the mature period of leafy vegetables is approximately 56 days.…”

Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction/HPLC techniques for determination of oxytetracycline and doxycycline residues in beef samples: method developments and statistical analysis

“…Oxytetracycline for example has been found at concentrations of 2.98 mg/kg and 5.17 mg/kg in manures and soils of some farms in countries like China. It is partially absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract of animals with their remains deposited as manure [9]. Meanwhile, doxycycline is more lipid soluble with a higher tendency to persist in animal tissue and, above all, in animal fat, where the concentration can reach the maximum residue limit (MRL) [10,11].…”