Oxytocin Receptor Genetic Variation Promotes Human Trust Behavior

Krueger, Frank; Parasuraman, Raja; Iyengar, V.; Thornburg, Matthew P.; Weel, Jaap; Lin, Mingkuan; Clarke, Ellen; McCabe, Kevin; Lipsky, Robert H.

doi:10.3389/fnhum.2012.00004

Cited by 176 publications

(125 citation statements)

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“…More specifically, some findings indicate that carriers of the A allele (i.e., AA or AG) are, relative to G homozygotes, less empathic and more reactive to stress (Rodrigues, Saslow, Garcia, John, & Keltner, 2009), exhibit lower trust-related behaviors (Krueger et al, 2012), and prove to be less sensitive parents (Bakermans-Kranenburg & van Ijzendoorn, 2008;Klahr, Klump, & Burt, 2015). Moreover, at least one of two meta-analyses has documented associations between rs53576 and sociality (e.g., extraversion, social skills, and prosocial behavior).…”

Section: Oxytocin Receptor Genementioning

confidence: 99%

Change in parenting, change in student–teacher relationships, and oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR): Testing a gene-×-environment (G×E) hypothesis in two samples.

Hygen¹,

Belsky²,

Li³

et al. 2017

Developmental Psychology

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Prior research suggests that parenting affects children's relationships, including those with teachers, although there is variation across individuals in such effects. Given evidence suggesting that oxytocin may be particularly important for the quality of social relationships, we tested the hypotheses (a) that change in parenting from 4 to 6 years of age influences and predicts change in the student-teacher relationship from 6 to 8 years of age and (b) that this effect is moderated by a polymorphism related to the child's oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR), rs53576. In 2 studies, participants included, respectively, 652 socioeconomically diverse Norwegian children from a community sample (50.8% male; mean age of 54.9 months at first assessment) and 559 such children from 8 different U.S. locales (49.0% male; approximately 54 months at the first assessment). Norwegian results showed that change in parenting predicted change in student-teacher relationships, but only in the case of children homozygous for the A allele of rs53576 and in a manner consistent with differential-susceptibility theory: for AA carriers, when parenting changed for the worse, so did children's relationship with teachers, whereas when parenting changed for the better, the teacher-child relationships improved accordingly. Such GϫE findings could not be replicated in the American sample. Results are discussed in terms of 2 contrasting models of Person-ϫ-Environment interaction (differential susceptibility and diathesis stress) and potential reasons for failure to replicate.

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Section: Oxytocin Receptor Genementioning

confidence: 99%

Change in parenting, change in student–teacher relationships, and oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR): Testing a gene-×-environment (G×E) hypothesis in two samples.

Hygen¹,

Belsky²,

Li³

et al. 2017

Developmental Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, GG carriers displayed higher degrees of warm and empathic parenting than did carriers of the A allele (Bakermans-Kranenburg & van Ijzendoorn, 2008). Other studies also showed that individuals with one or two copies of the A allele exhibited lower levels of behavioral empathy and less positive affect (Rodrigues, Saslow, Garcia, John, & Keltner, 2009), and A allele carriers showed lower trust levels than did individuals with the G allele (Krueger et al, 2012). A recent preliminary study revealed associations between OXTR rs53576 and children's mind-reading abilities (Lucht et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxytocin Receptor Gene Relates to Theory of Mind and Prosocial Behavior in Children

2014

Journal of Cognition and Development

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Individual social differences have been addressed in recent studies, and the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) is the major candidate in explaining various social phenotypes. To study the association between a well-known haplotype (rs53576) of OXTR and children's prosocial behavior and its relationship with theory of mind (ToM) ability, 87 children (aged 3 to 5 years old) participated in 3 prosocial tasks and ToM performance experiments. Participants who were homozygous for the G allele (GG) exhibited more prosocial behaviors than did those with 1 or 2 copies of the A allele (AA), and GG carriers also displayed better ToM ability than did AA individuals. Further tests showed differences between genotypes in helping and comforting, albeit not in sharing. The results demonstrated that OXTR rs53576 was related to individual differences in ToM and was associated with prosocial behavior.

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“…Research correlating the three possible alleles of the gene (GG, AG, AA) with different social behaviors are a reality that only the most dogmatic sociologists can ignore (see, for example, Rodrigues et al, 2009;SaphireBernstein et al, 2011;Tabak et al, 2013;Tost et al, 2010;Walum et al, 2012). One of them has already provided evidence that individuals with the GG allele show a more trusting behavior than the rest in a trust game (Krueger et al, 2012). While TOR has nothing to say about these biochemical processes that bias our perceptions and beliefs, EP offers an interpretative framework capable of integrating all these empirical results.…”

Section: How We Make Decisionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reasons and biological causes. Some reflections on Boudon’s Theory of Ordinary Rationality

Medina¹

2014

PapRevSoc

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In his effort to provide sociology with a theory of behavior for the microfoundation of social phenomena, Raymond Boudon searched for a theory that could be presented as general (i.e., a theory that, given its strength, can be used "by default" in explanations). In this search, Boudon disregarded biological causes and stated that his Theory of Ordinary Rationality was the best choice, since it offers final explanations: when a behavior is explained as a result of beliefs that are grounded on good reasons, we are offering a black-box-free explanation. In this paper, I shall state that there are serious problems in the arguments that Boudon used to dismiss the explanatory strategy based on "biological causes". Secondly, I shall point out that some recent findings of several behavioral sciences constitute a radical questioning of the value of his Theory of Ordinary Rationality, as well as a positive revaluation of Evolutionary Psychology. In light of these findings, we can state that on many occasions, either reasons are systematically biased by biological causes, or these causes cause behavior, thus reasons are mere rationalizations. Therefore, neither the reason-based explanatory strategy nor the biological causes-based explanatory strategy can be used "by default". Given the current state of our knowledge, Evolutionary Psychology cannot stand as a general theory of behavior but is better placed to do the job in the future: it will depend on its ability to build models that integrate reasons and biological causes. Keywords: rationality; rationalism; reasons; evolutionary psychology; adapted mechanisms; biological causes; Raymond Boudon. Resumen. Razones y causas biológicas. Algunas reflexiones sobre la teoría de la racionalidad ordinaria de Boudon.En su esfuerzo por proveer a la sociología de una teoría del comportamiento con la que microfundamentar los fenómenos sociales, Raymond Boudon buscó una teoría que pudiese presentarse como general (es decir, una teoría que, dada su fortaleza, pudiera usarse «por defecto» en las explicaciones). En esta búsqueda, Boudon desconsideró las causas biológicas y defendió que su teoría de la racionalidad ordinaria era la mejor elección, pues ofrecía explicaciones finales: cuando una conducta se explica como resultado de creencias que están bien fundamentadas en buenas razones, estamos ofreciendo una explicación libre de «cajas negras». En este artículo, sostendré que existen serios problemas en los argumentos que usó Boudon para descartar la estrategia explicativa basada en las causas biológicas. En segundo lugar, señalaré que algunos hallazgos recientes de varias ciencias del comportamiento suponen un cuestionamiento radical del valor de su teoría de la racionalidad ordinaria así como una reevaluación positiva de la psicología evolucionista. A la luz de estos hallazgos, podemos sostener que, en muchas ocasiones, o bien las razones están sistemáticamente sesgadas por causas biológicas, o bien esas causas causan directamente la conducta, por lo que entonces las razones s...

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Oxytocin Receptor Genetic Variation Promotes Human Trust Behavior

Cited by 176 publications

References 46 publications

Change in parenting, change in student–teacher relationships, and oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR): Testing a gene-×-environment (G×E) hypothesis in two samples.

Change in parenting, change in student–teacher relationships, and oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR): Testing a gene-×-environment (G×E) hypothesis in two samples.

Oxytocin Receptor Gene Relates to Theory of Mind and Prosocial Behavior in Children

Reasons and biological causes. Some reflections on Boudon’s Theory of Ordinary Rationality

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