Ozone Pollution and Its Response to Nitrogen Dioxide Change from a Dense Ground-Based Network in the Yangtze River Delta: Implications for Ozone Abatement in Urban Agglomeration

Abstract

Understanding the response of tropospheric ozone (O3) to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) change is important for local O3 control. The relationship between O3 and NO2 at county scale in China has been extensively studied using models, but there is a lack of results from direct measurements. In this study, we used measurements of O3, NO2 and meteorological conditions from a dense network in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), and satellite observed formaldehyde (HCHO) and NO2 column densities for the analysis of O3 variabilities and its relationship to NO2. As a result, severe O3 pollution occurred mainly in Shanghai city, southern Jiangsu and northern Zhejiang provinces in YRD during April–September. In addition, meteorological conditions could explain 54% the diurnal O3 variation over YRD. During April–September 2015–2021, O3 showed a significant positive relationship (r = 0.61 ± 0.10) with NO2 after removing the impact from meteorological conditions. However, the relationship could be reversed with NO2 concentration change. Our result suggested that the controllable O3 related to NO2 change is up to 100 μg·m−3 in megacities over Shanghai and northern Zhejiang province. The O3 is much more sensitive to the NO2 reduction in megacities than surrounding areas. Our results evaluate the different impacts of NO2 changes on O3 formation, which provides explanation for the simultaneously alleviated O3 pollution and reduced NO2 in 2020 in Shanghai and northern Zhejiang, as well as the increased O3 in most counties before 2019 with reduced NO2 during October–March. The driving mechanism as revealed from this study for O3 and NO2 will be valuable for the O3 abatement through NO2 reduction at sub-county scale over YRD in China.

Long-term Exposure to Ambient Ozone at Workplace is Positively and Non-linearly Associated with Incident Hypertension and Blood Pressure: Longitudinal Evidence from the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Medical Examination Cohort

“…First, we excluded the self-reported physician-diagnosed incident cases of hypertension during follow-up. Second, we took into account the potential confounding effects of other air pollutants such as PM 2.5 and NO 2 , which have been reported to correlate with O 3 [34,35] and also affect blood pressure [36,37]. Twopollutant and three-pollutant models were then constructed by introducing one of the two pollutants from PM 2.5 and NO 2 .…”

Long-term exposure to ambient ozone at workplace is positively and non-linearly associated with incident hypertension and blood pressure: longitudinal evidence from the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei medical examination cohort

“…First, we excluded the self-reported physician-diagnosed incident cases of hypertension during follow-up. Second, we took into account the potential confounding effects of other air pollutants such as PM 2.5 and NO 2 , which have been reported to correlate with O 3 [ 35 , 36 ] and also affect blood pressure [ 37 , 38 ]. Two-pollutant and three-pollutant models were then constructed by introducing one of the two pollutants from PM 2.5 and NO 2 .…”

Human Health Risks and Interference of Urban Landscape and Meteorological Parameters in the Distribution of Pollutant: A Case Study of Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand

“…Additionally, the reaction of NO 2 and other atmospheric substances such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with vapor forms secondary pollutants such as tropospheric ozone (O 3 ) and particulate matter (PM) [10]. A study by He et al [11] indicated that the O 3 concentration is sensitive to reductions in NO 2 in the megacities of China. Moreover, NO 2 can be a cause of acid rain, which causes ecosystem degradation [12,13].…”