Ozone Production Efficiency in Highly Polluted Environments

Wang, Junhua; Ge, Baozhu; Wang, Zifa

doi:10.1007/s40726-018-0093-9

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Liu et al: Contrasting chemical environments in summertime across China matter (PM 2.5 ) and nitrogen oxides (NO x = NO + NO 2 ) in China by 33 % and 21 %, respectively (Zheng et al, 2018). However, the reduction in NO x emissions has led to an increase in O 3 levels in polluted areas due to the non-linear chemistry of O 3 and reduced titration of O 3 by NO (Li et al, 2019a;Wang et al, 2019). Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are also important O 3 precursors, and emissions of these have increased across China over the same period, exacerbating O 3 pollution (Zheng et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting chemical environments in summertime for atmospheric ozone across major Chinese industrial regions: the effectiveness of emission control strategies

et al. 2021

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Abstract. The United Kingdom Chemistry and Aerosols (UKCA) chemistry–climate model is used to quantify the differences in chemical environment for surface O3 for six major industrial regions across China in summer 2016. We first enhance the UKCA gas-phase chemistry scheme by incorporating reactive volatile organic compound (VOC) tracers that are necessary to represent urban and regional-scale O3 photochemistry. We demonstrate that the model with the improved chemistry scheme captures the observed magnitudes and diurnal patterns of surface O3 concentrations across these regions well. Simulated O3 concentrations are highest in Beijing and Shijiazhuang on the North China Plain and in Chongqing, lower in Shanghai and Nanjing in the Yangtze River Delta, and lowest in Guangzhou in the Pearl River Delta despite the highest daytime O3 production rates in Guangzhou. NOx / VOC and H2O2 / HNO3 ratios indicate that O3 production across all regions except Chongqing is VOC limited. We confirm this by constructing O3 response surfaces for each region changing NOx and VOC emissions and further contrast the effectiveness of measures to reduce surface O3 concentrations. In VOC-limited regions, reducing NOx emissions by 20 % leads to a substantial O3 increase (11 %) in Shanghai. We find that reductions in NOx emissions alone of more than 70 % are required to decrease O3 concentrations across all regions. Reductions in VOC emissions alone of 20 % produce the largest decrease (−11 %) in O3 levels in Shanghai and Guangzhou and the smallest decrease (−1 %) in Chongqing. These responses are substantially different from those currently found in highly populated regions in other parts of the world, likely due to higher NOx emission levels in these Chinese regions. Our work provides an assessment of the effectiveness of emission control strategies to mitigate surface O3 pollution in these major industrial regions and emphasises that combined NOx and VOC emission controls play a pivotal role in effectively offsetting high O3 levels. It also demonstrates new capabilities in capturing regional air pollution that will permit this model to be used for future studies of regional air-quality–climate interactions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting chemical environments in summertime for atmospheric ozone across major Chinese industrial regions: the effectiveness of emission control strategies

et al. 2021

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“…High values of OPE are favoured by low OH and VOC concentrations and values exceeding 80 have been reported for remote marine environments. Low single digit values have been observed in polluted urban environments (Rickard et al, 2002;Wang et al, 2018).…”

Section: Inter-regional Ozone Production Efficiency (Ope)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive nitrogen around the Arabian Peninsula and in the Mediterranean Sea during the 2017 AQABA ship campaign

Friedrich¹,

Eger²,

Shenolikar³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Abstract. We present ship-borne measurements of NOx (≡ NO + NO2) and NOy (≡ NOx + gas- and particle-phase organic and inorganic oxides of nitrogen) in summer 2017 as part of the expedition Air Quality and climate change in the Arabian Basin (AQABA). The NOx and NOz (≡ NOy–NOx) measurements, made with a thermal dissociation cavity-ringdown-spectrometer (TD-CRDS), were used to examine the chemical mechanisms involved in the processing of primary NOx emissions and their influence on the NOy budget in chemically distinct marine environments, including the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, and the Arabian Gulf which were influenced to varying extents by emissions from shipping and oil and gas production. In all regions, we find that NOx is strongly connected to ship emissions, both via direct emission of NO and via the formation of HONO and its subsequent photolytic conversion to NO. Mean NO2 lifetimes were 3.9 hours in the Mediterranean Sea, 4.0 hours in the Arabian Gulf and 5.0 hours in the Red Sea area. The cumulative loss of NO2 during the night (reaction with O3) was more important than daytime losses (reaction with OH) over the Arabian Gulf (by a factor 2.8) and over the Red Sea (factor 2.9), whereas over the Mediterranean Sea, where OH levels were high, daytime losses dominated (factor 2.5). Regional ozone production efficiencies (OPE) ranged from 10.5 ± 0.9 to 19.1 ± 1.1. This metric quantifies the relative strength of photochemical O3 production from NOx, compared to the competing sequestering into NOz species. The largest values were found over the Arabian Gulf, consistent with high levels of O3 found in that region (10–90 percentiles range: 23–108 ppbv). The fractional contribution of individual NOz species to NOy exhibited a large regional variability, with HNO3 generally the dominant component (on average 33 % of NOy) with significant contributions from organic nitrates (11 %) and particulate nitrates in the PM1 size range (8 %).

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“…The ozone production efficiency quantifies the fractional transformation of primarily emitted NOx to O3 (R1 to R3, (Liu et al, 1987;Trainer et al, 1993)) and thus reflects the relative importance of competing photochemical processes leading to O3 and (Rickard et al, 2002;Wang et al, 2018).…”

Section: Inter-regional Ozone Production Efficiency (Ope)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comment on acp-2021-42

2021

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We present ship-borne measurements of NOx (≡ NO + NO2) and NOy (≡ NOx + gas-and particle-phase organic and inorganic oxides of nitrogen) in summer 2017 as part of the expedition "Air Quality and climate change in the Arabian Basin" (AQABA). The NOx and NOz (≡ NOy -NOx) measurements, made with a thermal dissociation cavity-ringdown-spectrometer (TD-CRDS), were used to examine the chemical mechanisms involved in the processing of primary NOx emissions and their influence on the NOy budget in chemically distinct marine environments, including the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, and the Arabian Gulf which were influenced to varying extents by emissions from shipping and oil and gas production. In all regions, we find that NOx is strongly connected to ship emissions, both via direct emission of NO and via the formation of HONO and its subsequent photolytic conversion to NO. Mean NO2 lifetimes were 3.9 hours in the Mediterranean Sea, 4.0 hours in the Arabian Gulf and 5.0 hours in the Red Sea area. The cumulative loss of NO2 during the night (reaction with O3) was more important than daytime losses (reaction with OH) over the Arabian Gulf (by a factor 2.8) and over the Red Sea (factor 2.9), whereas over the Mediterranean Sea, where OH levels were high, daytime losses dominated (factor 2.5). Regional ozone production efficiencies (OPE) ranged from 10.5 ± 0.9 to 19.1 ± 1.1. This metric quantifies the relative strength of photochemical O3 production from NOx, compared to the competing sequestering into NOz species. The largest values were found over the Arabian Gulf, consistent with high levels of O3 found in that region (10 -90 percentiles range: 23-108 ppbv).The fractional contribution of individual NOz species to NOy exhibited a large regional variability, with HNO3 generally the dominant component (on average 33 % of NOy) with significant contributions from organic nitrates (11 %) and particulate nitrates in the PM1 size range (8 %).

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Ozone Production Efficiency in Highly Polluted Environments

Cited by 9 publications

References 89 publications

Contrasting chemical environments in summertime for atmospheric ozone across major Chinese industrial regions: the effectiveness of emission control strategies

Contrasting chemical environments in summertime for atmospheric ozone across major Chinese industrial regions: the effectiveness of emission control strategies

Reactive nitrogen around the Arabian Peninsula and in the Mediterranean Sea during the 2017 AQABA ship campaign

Comment on acp-2021-42

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