p-Cresol biotransformation by a nitrifying consortium

Simultaneous removal of 2-chlorophenol, phenol, p-cresol and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde under nitrifying conditions: Kinetic study

“…The p-OHB specific consumption rate was 387 mg/g VSS d, while for p-cresol was 635 mg/g VSS d. These kinetic results indicated that the nitrifying consortium consumed 1.6-fold-faster the p-cresol than the phenolic intermediary. These experimental results are contradictory to those observed by Silva et al (2009), who observed a diminishing on ammonium consumption and nitrate production rates of 83% and 67%, respectively, by the presence of 25 mg p-OHB-C/L. These authors suggested that p-OHB might be the main responsible for inhibiting nitrification.…”

“…Biological removal of these compounds is more environmentally friendly than physico-chemical processes (Oldham and Rabinowitz, 2002). The nitrification process has been considered as alternative to remove aromatic compounds and this biological process has been evaluated in presence of inhibitory phenolic compounds such as p-cresol Kim et al, 2008;Beristain-Cardoso et al, 2011) phenol (Yamaghisi et al, 2001;Amor et al, 2005;Kim et al, 2008), phydroxybenzaldehyde (p-OHB) (Silva et al 2009) and 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) (Martínez-Hernández et al, 2011). These studies were carried out both in batch and continuous cultures using a nitrifying microbial consortium.…”

Nitrite effect on ammonium and nitrite oxidizing processes in a nitrifying sludge

“…Nitrite and nitrate were measured by HPLC (Perkin-Elmer series 200) using an ion exchange column (IC-Pak Anion HC, 4.6 9 150 mm, Waters) and a UV detector at 214 nm as previously described by Silva et al (2009). Lowry's method was employed to measure microbial protein concentration (Lowry et al 1951).…”

Simultaneous Elimination of Carbon and Nitrogen Compounds of Petrochemical Effluents by Nitrification and Denitrification

“…In the last decades, several nitrifying consortia have been reported to oxidize simultaneously ammonium and various recalcitrant aromatic compounds, such as phenolic compounds (phenol, 2-chlorophenol, p-cresol, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde) (Amor et al, 2005;Martínez-Hernández et al, 2011;Silva et al, 2009Silva et al, , 2011Vázquez et al, 2006;Yamaghisi et al, 2001) and BTX compounds (Zepeda et al, 2003(Zepeda et al, , 2006(Zepeda et al, , 2007. In some cases, nitrate and carbon dioxide were the major products from the process.…”

“…have been focused on the growth inhibition of bacteria (Jensen, 1950;Steinmüller & Bock, 1976), others on the activity of the AMO (McCarty, 1999). There is also information on the effects of different organic substances on the nitrifying respiratory process of microbial consortia (Gómez et al, 2000, Silva et al, 2009Zepeda et al, 2003Zepeda et al, , 2006. Various hypotheses have been proposed to explain the negative effects of organic matter on nitrification.…”