P50 Suppression in Individuals at Risk for Schizophrenia: The Convergence of Clinical, Familial, and Vulnerability Marker Risk Assessment

Cadenhead, Kristin S.; Light, Gregory A.; Shafer, Kathleen M.; Braff, David L.

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.03.003

Cited by 75 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Such gating mechanisms have been conceptualized as important pre-attentive filter functions protecting cognitive processes from interfering with irrelevant information [93]. Schizophrenia patients and to a lesser extend also their unaffected first-degree relatives consistently display disrupted sensory and sensorimotor gating, commonly demonstrated by either lower P50 suppression of the auditory evoked potential (AEP) or reduced prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle response [88,89,[94][95][96][97][98][99][100]. Both measures have been shown to be heritable and to be disturbed before onset of the illness [101][102][103][104][105][106][107].…”

Section: Tcf4 Information Processing and Cognition: Human Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcription factor 4 (TCF4) and schizophrenia: integrating the animal and the human perspective

Quednow

Brzózka

Rossner

2014

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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Schizophrenia is a genetically complex disease considered to have a neurodevelopmental pathogenesis and defined by a broad spectrum of positive and negative symptoms as well as cognitive deficits. Recently, large genome-wide association studies have identified common alleles slightly increasing the risk for schizophrenia. Among the few schizophrenia-risk genes that have been consistently replicated is the basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) transcription factor 4 (TCF4). Haploinsufficiency of the TCF4 (formatting follows IUPAC nomenclature: TCF4 protein/protein function, Tcf4 rodent gene cDNA mRNA, TCF4 human gene cDNA mRNA) gene causes the Pitt-Hopkins syndrome-a neurodevelopmental disease characterized by severe mental retardation. Accordingly, Tcf4 null-mutant mice display developmental brain defects. TCF4-associated risk alleles are located in putative coding and non-coding regions of the gene. Hence, subtle changes at the level of gene expression might be relevant for the etiopathology of schizophrenia. Behavioural phenotypes obtained with a mouse model of slightly increased gene dosage and electrophysiological investigations with human risk-allele carriers revealed an overlapping spectrum of schizophrenia-relevant endophenotypes. Most prominently, early information processing and higher cognitive functions appear to be associated with TCF4 risk genotypes. Moreover, a recent human study unravelled gene × environment interactions between TCF4 risk alleles and smoking behaviour that were specifically associated with disrupted early information processing. Taken together, TCF4 is considered as an integrator ('hub') of several bHLH networks controlling critical steps of various developmental, and, possibly, plasticity-related transcriptional programs in the CNS and changes of TCF4 expression also appear to affect brain networks important for information processing. Consequently, these findings support the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia and provide a basis for identifying the underlying molecular mechanisms. AbstractSchizophrenia is a genetically complex disease considered to have a neurodevelopmental pathogenesis and defined by a broad spectrum of positive and negative symptoms as well as cognitive deficits.Recently, large genome-wide association studies have identified common alleles slightly increasing the risk for schizophrenia. Among the few schizophrenia-risk genes that have been consistently replicated is the basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) transcription factor 4 (TCF4 behaviour that were specifically associated with disrupted early information processing. Taken together, TCF4 is considered as an integrator ('hub') of several bHLH networks controlling critical steps of various developmental and possibly also plasticity related transcriptional programs in the CNS and changes of TCF4 expression appear to affect brain networks important for information processing.Consequently, these findings support the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia and provide a basis to identify the und...

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Section: Tcf4 Information Processing and Cognition: Human Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcription factor 4 (TCF4) and schizophrenia: integrating the animal and the human perspective

Quednow

Brzózka

Rossner

2014

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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“…65 Abnormalities in P50 suppression have been described in both patients with schizophrenia and their unaffected relatives. 65,67 Finally, episodic memory retrieval, which is defined as the conscious recollection of an event by reliving it mentally, appears to be disrupted in patients with schizophrenia, irrespective of medication status, and in unaffected relatives of schizophrenia probands.…”

Section: Endophenotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of nonprimate animal models in understanding the etiology of schizophrenia

Lazar

Neufeld²,

Cain³

2011

jpn

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“…P atients with schizophrenia have reduced amplitude and gating of auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) (1,2). Recent clinical studies also show abnormal γ-band oscillations (30-100 Hz) as an endophenotype of the illness that is associated with reduced cognitive function (3)(4)(5)(6)(7).…”

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confidence: 99%

Dysbindin-1 mutant mice implicate reduced fast-phasic inhibition as a final common disease mechanism in schizophrenia

Carlson

Talbot²,

Halene³

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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DTNBP1 (dystrobrevin binding protein 1) is a leading candidate susceptibility gene in schizophrenia and is associated with working memory capacity in normal subjects. In schizophrenia, the encoded protein dystrobrevin-binding protein 1 (dysbindin-1) is often reduced in excitatory cortical limbic synapses. We found that reduced dysbindin-1 in mice yielded deficits in auditory-evoked response adaptation, prepulse inhibition of startle, and evoked γ-activity, similar to patterns in schizophrenia. In contrast to the role of dysbindin-1 in glutamatergic transmission, γ-band abnormalities in schizophrenia are most often attributed to disrupted inhibition and reductions in parvalbumin-positive interneuron (PV cell) activity. To determine the mechanism underlying electrophysiological deficits related to reduced dysbindin-1 and the potential role of PV cells, we examined PV cell immunoreactivity and measured changes in net circuit activity using voltage-sensitive dye imaging. The dominant circuit impact of reduced dysbindin-1 was impaired inhibition, and PV cell immunoreactivity was reduced. Thus, this model provides a link between a validated candidate gene and an auditory endophenotypes. Furthermore, these data implicate reduced fast-phasic inhibition as a common underlying mechanism of schizophrenia-associated intermediate phenotypes.GABAergic | γ-oscillation | hippocampus | evoked response spectral perturbation | Sandy mouse P atients with schizophrenia have reduced amplitude and gating of auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) (1, 2). Recent clinical studies also show abnormal γ-band oscillations (30-100 Hz) as an endophenotype of the illness that is associated with reduced cognitive function (3-7). Work in animal models shows a prominent role of cortical inhibitory networks in generating γ-oscillations (8, 9), which in turn, supports the role of aberrant GABAergic inhibition as an important potential component of schizophrenia (4,7,10,11). The GABA-producing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase is dysregulated in schizophrenia, and postsynaptic GABA A receptors are dysregulated as well (4). Risk alleles for GABA A receptor subunits are also associated with the disease (12, 13), although linkage is weaker than the linkage found with dysbindin-1 and other candidate genes such as DISC1 (14). At the anatomical level, there is a loss of immunoreactivity for parvalbumin (PV) in schizophrenia. PV is a calcium-binding protein marker for a class of fast-spiking GABAergic neurons. It is debated whether reduced PV in postmortem studies is caused by reduction in cell number or merely loss of protein expression. In either case, reduced PV immunoreactivity suggests disruption of an important source of local circuit inhibition (4, 15).Although clinical electrophysiological and postmortem anatomical findings support the role of GABA dysfunction in schizophrenia, a larger set of schizophrenia risk haplotypes are thought to confer reduced NMDA receptor-mediated function and changes in glutamatergic transmission [e.g., DISC1; Neuregu...

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P50 Suppression in Individuals at Risk for Schizophrenia: The Convergence of Clinical, Familial, and Vulnerability Marker Risk Assessment

Cited by 75 publications

References 43 publications

Transcription factor 4 (TCF4) and schizophrenia: integrating the animal and the human perspective

Transcription factor 4 (TCF4) and schizophrenia: integrating the animal and the human perspective

Contribution of nonprimate animal models in understanding the etiology of schizophrenia

Dysbindin-1 mutant mice implicate reduced fast-phasic inhibition as a final common disease mechanism in schizophrenia

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