p53 Induction as a Genotoxic Test for Twenty-Five Chemicals Undergoing in Vivo Carcinogenicity Testing

Duerksen-Hughes, Penelope J.; Yang, Jing; Ozcan, Ozan

doi:10.2307/3454577

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…We subsequently found that silver and cobalt ions severely affect the IC 50 of both cells. Regarding cobalt, Duerksen‐Hughes et al . (1999) evaluated cobalt sulfate based on the ability of cells to increase the level of the tumor suppressor protein p53 that is activated in response to DNA damage, and found that it had a medium genotoxicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro embryotoxicity testing of metals for dental use by differentiation of embryonic stem cell test

Imai

Nakamura

2006

Congenital Anomalies

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We examined embryotoxicity using the embryonic stem cell test (EST) protocol. Tests were conducted using standard reagents for the atomic absorption measurement of 11 metal ions, silver, cobalt, chromium, copper, mercury, nickel, palladium, antimony, tin, vanadium, and zinc from among metals comprising dental alloys. In addition, for four metals like silver, cobalt, chromium, and nickel, the tests were also conducted using a test solution extracted from powder in the cell culture medium. The embryotoxic potential was obtained from a biostatistics-based prediction model, which was calculated from three endpoints, the ID50, IC50ES and IC(50)3T3. Data with the standard reagents showed that chromium and mercury ions corresponded to class 3, that is, having a strong embryotoxicity, while antimony, tin, and vanadium ions exhibited a weak embryotoxicity. The other metal ions demonstrated no embryotoxicity. On the other hand, when extracts of metal powder in cell culture solutions were used, silver exhibited a weak embryotoxicity while all other metals exhibited no embryotoxicity. In the future, it will be important to clarify the embryotoxicity of the many dental materials that are in use today. In addition, it is necessary to develop substances to ensure they have no toxicity before use in dental applications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro embryotoxicity testing of metals for dental use by differentiation of embryonic stem cell test

Imai

Nakamura

2006

Congenital Anomalies

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“…Van Gemert [50], b. Nagata [26], c. Devos et al [51], d. Ruth [52], e. Woodfield and Hall [53], f. Chemwatch [54], g. Evans et al [55], h. U.S. Department of Labor [56], and i. Amoore and Hautala [57]. …”

Section: Table 1smentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Analysis of Fragrance and Odorants Released from Fresh and Decaying Strawberries

Kim

Szulejko

et al. 2013

Sensors

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The classes and concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOC) released from fresh and decaying strawberries were investigated and compared. In this study, a total of 147 strawberry volatiles were quantified before and after nine days of storage to explore differences in the aroma profile between fresh strawberries (storage days (SRD) of 0, 1, and 3) and those that had started to decay (SRD = 6 and 9). In terms of concentration, seven compounds dominated the aroma profile of fresh strawberries (relative composition (RC) up to 97.4% by mass, sum concentration): (1) ethyl acetate = 518 mg·m−3, (2) methyl acetate = 239 mg·m−3, (3) ethyl butyrate = 13.5 mg·m−3, (4) methyl butyrate = 11.1 mg·m−3, (5) acetaldehyde = 24.9 mg·m−3, (6) acetic acid = 15.2 mg·m−3, and (7) acetone = 13.9 mg·m−3. In contrast, two alcohols dominated the aroma profile of decayed samples (RC up to 98.6%): (1) ethyl alcohol = 94.2 mg·m−3 and (2) isobutyl alcohol = 289 mg·m−3. Alternatively; if the aroma profiles are re-evaluated by summing odor activity values (ΣOAV); four ester compounds ((1) ethyl butyrate (6,160); (2) ethyl hexanoate (3,608); (3) ethyl isovalerate (1,592); and (4) ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (942)) were identified as the key constituents of fresh strawberry aroma (SRD-0). As the strawberries began to decay; isobutyl alcohol recorded the maximum OAV of 114 (relative proportion (RP) (SRD = 6) = 58.3%). However, as the decay process continued, the total OAV dropped further by 3 to 4 orders of magnitude—decreasing to 196 on SRD = 6 to 7.37 on SRD = 9. The overall results of this study confirm dramatic changes in the aroma profile of strawberries over time, especially with the onset of decay.

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“…For instance, biosensors containing the GADD45 promoter (Hollander et al 1993) or p53 response element (Zhan et al 1993) were used for detecting DNA damage. Alternative approaches utilized monitoring mRNA levels of GADD45 gene in HepG2 cells (Todd et al 1995) or measuring the accumulation of p53 protein in mouse fibroblast cell lines (Yang and Duerksen-Hughes 1998;Duerksen-Hughes et al 1999). When GADD45 transcript levels were monitored as a measure of genotoxicity for the screening of combinatorial library, there was a clear structure-activity relationship.…”

Section: Transcriptomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Approaches for Investigating Mechanisms of Genotoxicity

Caba¹,

Aubrecht²

2006

Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods

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The current genetic toxicity testing battery enables an accurate and effective detection of genotoxicity associated with exposure to chemicals. However, the interpretation of the data in light of the relevant risk to humans is often difficult due to limited insight into underlying genotoxic mechanisms. Thus, the development of experimental approaches capable of differentiating genotoxic mechanisms is expected to facilitate risk assessment. Recent progress in science and technology has enabled the investigation of the stress response associated with chemical exposure at the genomic level. For instance, gene expression profile analysis, transcriptomics, was proposed as a tool for evaluating toxic mechanisms. In addition, the advancement in genetic tools has allowed the study of stress response on a functional level, functional genomics. This review will outline a number of recent developments in genomic analyses of genotoxic stress response and provide a perspective on their application in genetic toxicology.

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p53 Induction as a Genotoxic Test for Twenty-Five Chemicals Undergoing in Vivo Carcinogenicity Testing

Cited by 16 publications

References 3 publications

In vitro embryotoxicity testing of metals for dental use by differentiation of embryonic stem cell test

In vitro embryotoxicity testing of metals for dental use by differentiation of embryonic stem cell test

Quantitative Analysis of Fragrance and Odorants Released from Fresh and Decaying Strawberries

Genomic Approaches for Investigating Mechanisms of Genotoxicity

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