Pacific collaboration to eliminate lymphatic filariasis

Ichimori, Kazuyo; Crump, Andy

doi:10.1016/j.pt.2005.08.010

Cited by 29 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The Global Programme to Eliminate LF (GPELF) aims to eliminate the disease as a public health problem by 2020 using two main strategies: i) to interrupt transmission through mass drug administration (MDA) and ii) to control morbidity and disability of affected persons. In the Pacific Islands, the Pacific Programme to Eliminate LF (PacELF) was formed in 1999 as part of GPELF to focus on 22 Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs), which include >3000 islands and 8.6 million people [2]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination in American Samoa: Evaluation of Molecular Xenomonitoring as a Surveillance Tool in the Endgame

et al. 2016

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The Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis has made significant progress toward interrupting transmission of lymphatic filariasis (LF) through mass drug administration (MDA). Operational challenges in defining endpoints of elimination programs include the need to determine appropriate post-MDA surveillance strategies. As humans are the only reservoirs of LF parasites, one such strategy is molecular xenomonitoring (MX), the detection of filarial DNA in mosquitoes using molecular methods (PCR), to provide an indirect indicator of infected persons nearby. MX could potentially be used to evaluate program success, provide support for decisions to stop MDA, and conduct post-MDA surveillance. American Samoa has successfully completed MDA and passed WHO recommended Transmission Assessment Surveys in 2011 and 2015, but recent studies using spatial analysis of antigen (Ag) and antibody (Ab) prevalence in adults (aged ≥18 years) and entomological surveys showed evidence of possible ongoing transmission. This study evaluated MX as a surveillance tool in American Samoa by linking village-level results of published human and mosquito studies. Of 32 villages, seropositive persons for Og4C3 Ag were identified in 11 (34.4%), for Wb123 Ab in 18 (56.3%) and for Bm14 Ab in 27 (84.4%) of villages. Village-level seroprevalence ranged from 0–33%, 0–67% and 0–100% for Og4C3 Ag, Wb123 Ab and Bm14 Ab respectively. PCR-positive Aedes polynesiensis mosquitoes were found in 15 (47%) villages, and their presence was significantly associated with seropositive persons for Og4C3 Ag (67% vs 6%, p<0.001) and Wb123 Ab (87% vs 29%, p = 0.001), but not Bm14 Ab. In villages with persons seropositive for Og4C3 Ag and Wb123 Ab, PCR-positive Ae. polynesiensis were found in 90.9% and 72.2% respectively. In villages without seropositive persons for Og4C3 Ag or Wb123 Ab, PCR-positive Ae. polynesiensis were also absent in 94.1% and 70.6% of villages respectively. Our study provides promising evidence to support the potential usefulness of MX in post-MDA surveillance in an Aedes transmission area in the Pacific Islands setting.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination in American Samoa: Evaluation of Molecular Xenomonitoring as a Surveillance Tool in the Endgame

et al. 2016

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“…The campaign ran in conjunction with similar campaigns in other South Pacific countries and territories, including neighboring Samoa, under the Pacific Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis [17]. Population coverage by MDA was 24–52% in the first three years and improved to 65–71% in the subsequent four years [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Xenomonitoring Using Mosquitoes to Map Lymphatic Filariasis after Mass Drug Administration in American Samoa

et al. 2014

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BackgroundMass drug administration (MDA) programs have dramatically reduced lymphatic filariasis (LF) incidence in many areas around the globe, including American Samoa. As infection rates decline and MDA programs end, efficient and sensitive methods for detecting infections are needed to monitor for recrudescence. Molecular methods, collectively termed ‘molecular xenomonitoring,’ can identify parasite DNA or RNA in human blood-feeding mosquitoes. We tested mosquitoes trapped throughout the inhabited islands of American Samoa to identify areas of possible continuing LF transmission after completion of MDA.Methodology/Principle FindingsMosquitoes were collected using BG Sentinel traps from most of the villages on American Samoa's largest island, Tutuila, and all major villages on the smaller islands of Aunu'u, Ofu, Olosega, and Ta'u. Real-time PCR was used to detect Wuchereria bancrofti DNA in pools of ≤20 mosquitoes, and PoolScreen software was used to infer territory-wide prevalences of W. bancrofti DNA in the mosquitoes. Wuchereria bancrofti DNA was found in mosquitoes from 16 out of the 27 village areas sampled on Tutuila and Aunu'u islands but none of the five villages on the Manu'a islands of Ofu, Olosega, and Ta'u. The overall 95% confidence interval estimate for W. bancrofti DNA prevalence in the LF vector Ae. polynesiensis was 0.20–0.39%, and parasite DNA was also detected in pools of Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti, and Aedes (Finlaya) spp.Conclusions/SignificanceOur results suggest low but widespread prevalence of LF on Tutuila and Aunu'u where 98% of the population resides, but not Ofu, Olosega, and Ta'u islands. Molecular xenomonitoring can help identify areas of possible LF transmission, but its use in the LF elimination program in American Samoa is limited by the need for more efficient mosquito collection methods and a better understanding of the relationship between prevalence of W. bancrofti DNA in mosquitoes and infection and transmission rates in humans.

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“…Wpływa on na ograniczenie inwazji Eimeria spp., zmniejszenie występowania krwawych biegunek oraz sprzyja regeneracji uszkodzeń nabłonka (10,23). Należy podkreślić, że zawarte w Origanum vulgare substancje są nietoksyczne (2,11). Także olej pochodzący z Citrus spp.…”

Section: Wyniki I Omówienieunclassified

Influence of dietary supplementation with a formulation containing essential oils from Origanum vulgare and Citrus spp. as a means of prevention against invasions of gastrointestinal parasites in sheep

Bojar

Gruszecki

Junkuszew

et al. 2017

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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The aim of the study was to determine the efficiency of a formulation containing essential oils from Origanum vulgare (Lamiacea) and Citrus spp. (Citraceae) in limiting the prevalence and intensity of parasitic invasions in ewes kept in an indoor management system. The study material was a group of 222 mother ewes of Polish Lowland breed. During the entire experiment, the animals were kept in an indoor management system with uniform environmental conditions. On the basis of the parasitologic analysis, the flock was divided into three groups. All groups were uniform from the perspective of genetic traits, age and environmental conditions. The differentiating factor was the addition of a preparation containing essential oils from Origanum vulgare and Citrus spp. in the dose of 4 kg/ton of feed. Group 1 – control group, non-supplemented diet (74 mother ewes); Group 2 – supplemented diet from third month of pregnancy to lambing (73 mother ewes); Group 3 – supplemented diet from third month of pregnancy to weaning (75 mother ewes). The experiment involved parasitologic tests aimed at the determination of prevalence and intensity of invasions of gastrointestinal parasites in mother ewes. The study material was faeces collected from the rectum of mother ewes before the start of the experiment and on day 2, 28, 42, 56 and 70 after lambing. On the basis of the observations, it was shown that continuous use of the preparation during the whole experimental period had a beneficial impact on reducing the prevalence of invasions of Eimeria spp. and Capillaria. However, it must be stressed that both the prevalence and the intensity of parasitic invasions in the studied flock was relatively low, and so the use of such a preventive method was feasible.

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Pacific collaboration to eliminate lymphatic filariasis

Cited by 29 publications

References 7 publications

Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination in American Samoa: Evaluation of Molecular Xenomonitoring as a Surveillance Tool in the Endgame

Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination in American Samoa: Evaluation of Molecular Xenomonitoring as a Surveillance Tool in the Endgame

Molecular Xenomonitoring Using Mosquitoes to Map Lymphatic Filariasis after Mass Drug Administration in American Samoa

Influence of dietary supplementation with a formulation containing essential oils from Origanum vulgare and Citrus spp. as a means of prevention against invasions of gastrointestinal parasites in sheep

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