Packed Column Sub‐ and Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

Abstract

Sub‐ and supercritical fluid chromatography ( SFC ) are the terms currently accepted to describe chromatography with carbon dioxide ‐ based mobile phases . While capillary SFC was first developed in the early years, packed column SFC has now taken the lead and will be described in this chapter. The characteristics of the fluids employed in SFC (low viscosity , high diffusivity, compressibility, and tunable elution strength ) result in a number of consequences that (i) produce significant differences compared to HPLC with classical liquids and (ii) procure several advantages in terms of speed, column efficiency , and versatility. The major features of packed column SFC are presented, together with instrumental details. Finally, selected applications related to achiral and chiral analysis are presented, while the last section focuses on preparative‐scale separations.

Use and practice of achiral and chiral supercritical fluid chromatography in pharmaceutical analysis and purification

“…It was shown several times that the selectivity of a given column employed in HPLC or in SFC may be very different . To assist the users of achiral SFC in the selection of orthogonal columns, the classification of columns dedicated to SFC, developed by West and Lesellier , can be helpful. The physicochemical characteristics of stationary phases were studied with quantitative structure‐retention relationships, to characterize more than 80 stationary phases .…”