Paclitaxel Magnetic Core–Shell Nanoparticles Based on Poly(lactic acid) Semitelechelic Novel Block Copolymers for Combined Hyperthermia and Chemotherapy Treatment of Cancer

Abstract

Magnetic hybrid inorganic/organic nanocarriers are promising alternatives for targeted cancer treatment. The present study evaluates the preparation of manganese ferrite magnetic nanoparticles (MnFe2O4 MNPs) encapsulated within Paclitaxel (PTX) loaded thioether-containing ω-hydroxyacid-co-poly(d,l-lactic acid) (TEHA-co-PDLLA) polymeric nanoparticles, for the combined hyperthermia and chemotherapy treatment of cancer. Initially, TEHA-co-PDLLA semitelechelic block copolymers were synthesized and characterized by 1H-NMR, FTIR, DSC, and XRD. FTIR analysis showed the formation of an ester bond between the two compounds, while DSC and XRD analysis showed that the prepared copolymers were amorphous. MnFe2O4 MNPs of relatively small crystallite size (12 nm) and moderate saturation magnetization (64 emu·g−1) were solvothermally synthesized in the sole presence of octadecylamine (ODA). PTX was amorphously dispersed within the polymeric matrix using emulsification/solvent evaporation method. Scanning electron microscopy along with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy showed that the MnFe2O4 nanoparticles were effectively encapsulated within the drug-loaded polymeric nanoparticles. Dynamic light scattering measurements showed that the prepared nanoparticles had an average particle size of less than 160 nm with satisfactory yield and encapsulation efficiency. Diphasic PTX in vitro release over 18 days was observed while PTX dissolution rate was mainly controlled by the TEHA content. Finally, hyperthermia measurements and cytotoxicity studies were performed to evaluate the magnetic response, as well as the anticancer activity and the biocompatibility of the prepared nanocarriers.

Dissolution Enhancement and Controlled Release of Paclitaxel Drug via a Hybrid Nanocarrier Based on mPEG-PCL Amphiphilic Copolymer and Fe-BTC Porous Metal-Organic Framework

“…The average size and zeta potential of prepared nanoparticles were measured by DLS and the results are shown in Table 2 . As can be seen, prepared nanoparticles with neat paclitaxel showed sizes of about 138 nm, a value close to the ones obtained by the same technique and similar aliphatic polyesters used [ 6 , 27 , 46 ]. This value was increased to 143 nm for nanoparticles prepared with paclitaxel adsorbed to the Fe-BTC, meaning that its incorporation resulted in slightly larger-sized nanoparticles.…”

“…The spectrum of PCL showed all its characteristic peaks; a peak at 3437 cm − 1 corresponding to –OH groups of PCL, a double peak at 2948 and 2864 cm − 1 corresponding to CH 2 methylene groups, a peak at 1730 cm − 1 corresponding to C=O and in the region of 1000 to 1500 cm − 1 , corresponding to C–C, C–H and C–O groups of the neat PCL. In the spectrum of mPEG, a peak at 3432 cm –1 owing to the –OH groups, and two peaks at 2886 cm − 1 and 2948 cm − 1 corresponding to the stretching vibrations of the methylene groups (symmetrical and asymmetrical respectively) were recorded [ 6 ] and a strong peak at 1113 cm −1 due to C–O absorbance. mPEG-PCL showed all the above characteristic peaks of PCL, i.e., at 3437 cm − 1 (–OH), at 1724 cm − 1 of carboxylic ester (C=O) group and the characteristic peak at 1113 cm − 1 of mPEG, implying that mPEG-PCL copolymer has been successfully prepared.…”

“…It was found that the adsorption of paclitaxel in SBA-15 enhanced and prolonged the delivery of the drug. Christodoulou et al [ 6 ] synthesized thioether-containing ω-hydroxyacid-co-poly(d,l-lactic acid) (TEHA-co-PDLLA) semitelechelic block copolymers in various ratios, then used them to prepare nanoparticles loaded with PTX and manganese ferrite magnetic nanoparticles (MnFe 2 O 4 MNPs) for a combined hyperthermia and chemotherapy treatment. Filippousi et al [ 7 ] used novel nanoscale metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for the adsorption of paclitaxel and further encapsulated the nanocomposite into poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)-b-TPGS microparticles.…”

Chitosan Derivatives with Mucoadhesive and Antimicrobial Properties for Simultaneous Nanoencapsulation and Extended Ocular Release Formulations of Dexamethasone and Chloramphenicol Drugs

“…Since the reduction of MTT can only occur in metabolically active cells, the level of activity is a measure of the viability of the cells. A concentration of 100 or 500 mg/L of each polymer was used, and, as can be seen in Figure 3, both derivatives have similar absorbances with neat CS, indicating that these are biocompatible materials with low toxicity [57,58]. In all cases, the recorded values are very close to that of the reference sample where no material was added on the ASCs.…”

Hierarchical Porous Carbon—PLLA and PLGA Hybrid Nanoparticles for Intranasal Delivery of Galantamine for Alzheimer’s Disease Therapy

“…Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the major causes of senile dementia and is characterized by progressive neurodegeneration that causes gradual neuronal and memory loss, as well as cognition impairment [1]. The ever-growing prevalence of AD and its detrimental effect on patients' quality of applications [16][17][18][19][20]. Furthermore, poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), with lactide:glycolide ratios of 75/25 and 50/50 w/w has already been studied in microparticle preparation with paclitaxel [21] or paliperidone [22,23], an anticancer and an antipsychotic drug, respectively, either alone or by absorbing the drugs on silica-based nanoparticles (SBA-15 and MCF).…”