Paediatric burn injuries in Enugu, South-East Nigeria: A 7-year multi-centre retrospective review

Nduagubam, Obinna Chukwuebuka; Onumaegbu, O.O.; Onah, Ifeanyi Igwilo; Emeka, Chukwubuike Kevin; Bisi-Onyemaechi, Adaobi; Agwu, Samuel

doi:10.1016/j.burns.2021.04.029

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The Lund and Browder chart (Figure 1 ) was used to calculate burnt body surface area. and in children, body surface area (BSA) burn (%) was computed using the criteria presented in Table 3 [ 7 , 8 ]. The degree of burn, whether full-thickness or partial-thickness, was categorized according to Table 4 [ 9 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of Mortality in Acute Thermal Burn Patients Using the Abbreviated Burn Severity Index Score: A Single-Center Experience

Usmani¹,

Pipal²,

Bagla³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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BackgroundBurn injuries are highly variable and dynamic. The outcome of patients is influenced by various factors and requires prompt therapeutic interventions, including fluid resuscitation, for a favorable result. Although having varying shortcomings, many scoring indexes are developed and validated in Western countries to predict mortality in a burn patient. The Abbreviated Burn Severity Index (ABSI) estimates survival expectancy in a burn patient via various negative prognostic factors. This study describes the pattern of burn injuries to validate the ABSI as an outcome predictor in burnt patients. MethodologyFrom January to December 2018, 100 patients participated in this observational research conducted in the Department of Surgery at Mahatma Gandhi Hospital's Burn Ward, a part of Dr. Sampurnanand Medical College, Jodhpur. Risk factors for death from a burn were patients' age and gender, the depth of the burn, the inhalation burn, and the total burned body surface area (TBSA). The area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) was used to determine how well it could predict burn deaths. ResultsThis study included 100 patients (69 men and 31 women, with a ratio of 2.22:1). In total, 73 patients survived, and 27 died (a mortality rate of 27%). The fatality rate increased with increased burn surface area, reaching 100% in patients with >80% burns (p < 0.0001). Additionally, those with an ABSI of >11 expressed 100% mortality rate (p < 0.0001). ConclusionsIn this study, older age, high burned surface area, concomitant inhalational burns, full-thickness burns, and a higher ABSI were found to be significant predictors of mortality.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of Mortality in Acute Thermal Burn Patients Using the Abbreviated Burn Severity Index Score: A Single-Center Experience

Usmani¹,

Pipal²,

Bagla³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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“…Burns are notably common in pediatric accidents. A study conducted in the Enugu area over seven years (June 2011 to May 2018) reported that 56.7% of 198 cases involved thermal fluid burns, while a smaller percentage resulted from flame burns (15). Clinically, second-degree burns are categorized into superficial partial-thickness burns, affecting only the dermis with generally shorter healing times, and deep partialthickness burns, which damage below the papillary layer of the dermis but spare parts of the reticular layer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Factors Influencing Trauma Healing in Children with Second-Degree Burns: A Single-Center Retrospective Study

Zhang,

Zhong,

et al. 2024

Iran J Pediatr

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Background: The complexity of studying secondary burn wound healing in children arises from the varying ability of skin tissue regeneration across different ages. Despite advancements, there are still gaps in our understanding. Objectives: This study aimed to explore factors influencing wound healing in children with second-degree burns to guide clinical treatment and nursing practices. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of children with second-degree burns treated in our burn surgery department from January 2020 to December 2022. Based on the events per variable (EPV) rule, 220 children were included. They were categorized based on the quality of wound healing 14 days post-admission (good or poor), evaluated by the healing rate and scar formation. Children's clinical data were extracted from medical records for analysis. Binary logistic regression identified factors associated with poor healing outcomes in second-degree burns. Results: Among 220 patients with secondary burns, 166 (75.46%) experienced good wound healing, while 54 (24.54%) had poor outcomes. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test indicated a good model fit (χ2 = 9.739, P = 0.28). Significant variables included burn area (odds ratio [OR] = 1.217, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.109 - 1.335, P < 0.05), number of drug changes (OR = 1.902, 95%CI = 1.392 - 2.599, P < 0.05), white blood cell count (OR = 1.076, 95%CI = 1.008 - 1.150, P < 0.05), neutrophil count (OR = 1.080, 95%CI = 1.018 - 1.146, P < 0.05), and neutrophil ratio (OR = 1.040, 95%CI = 1.002 - 1.081, P < 0.05). Conclusions: Effective treatment and nursing of children with second-degree burns should prioritize managing large burn areas and high levels of inflammatory markers. Additionally, minimizing drug changes during the nursing process can enhance wound healing in children.

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“…Our literature review reveals that other authors had same findings. [ 7 11 , 13 14 ] This knowledge will help in channelling preventive campaigns appropriately. Provision of fire extinguishers in homes, cars, factories and public places may go a long way in reducing the incidence of flame burns and burn injuries generally.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The observed mortality rates in the two 5-year study groups are a lot of improvement when compared to the rate reported by other centres in Africa which ranges from 12% to 35%. [ 11 16 17 18 19 20 21 ] but the mortality rate in children[ 7 ] in both the developing and developed countries is usually less than 10%. [ 22 ] However, worthy of note is that even though the first and second 5 year periods share almost the same rate of mortality, 10% of the deaths in the first period occurred in patients who had less than 50% TBSA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 2 3 4 ] Immediate pre-hospital care, early emergency treatment with advanced life support capability and secondary transfer to a Burn Unit are other factors that have contributed to improved survival of severe burns patients. [ 5 ] Whereas in the USA, the Lethal Area, LA50 (that is the total burnt surface area at which 50% of the victims dies) has improved from 40% in 1940 to 90% currently,[ 5 6 ] that cannot be said of the developing countries where the LA50 is still low[ 7 ] and the mortality rate for major burn injuries is still high. [ 8 9 10 11 ] Patient mortality is, however, still the primary outcome measure for burn care.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Burn care at the National Orthopaedic Hospital, Enugu: A comparison of two 5-year periods: January 2012–December 2016 and January 2017–December 2021

Onah,

Okoli

2024

J West Afr Coll Surg

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Background and Objectives: The survival rate of patients with burn injuries has increased remarkably owing to the advancements in burn management which has resulted in improved survival rates, shorter hospital stays and decreases in morbidity and mortality rates due to the development of fluid resuscitation protocols, improved respiratory support, infection control etc. This study compares the parameters of burn patients admitted in a tertiary hospital from January 2012 to December 2016 and January 2017 to December 2021. Materials and Methods: This study was at the National Orthopaedic Hospital Enugu, NOHE. It was a retrospective study of patients who presented with burn injuries to the burn unit between the period of January 2012 and December 2021. Results: A total of 771 cases were analysed. Three hundred and twenty-three were seen between January 2012 to December 2016, 448 were seen between January 2017 and December 2021. Flame remained the major cause of burn injuries with 62% occurring in the first 5-year period while 72% occurred in the second 5 years. Adults had more injuries from flames than children, while children had more scald injuries than adults. The highest percentage of Total Burn Surface Area (TBSA) salvaged was 79% in the first 5-year period while 86% was salvaged in the second. Mortality rate in the first and second 5-year periods were 12% and 19%, respectively. Conclusions: Flame burn injuries are the most common cause of burn injuries in adults and children. Mortality was lower in the first 5-year period. A higher TBSA was salvaged in the second 5-year period.

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Paediatric burn injuries in Enugu, South-East Nigeria: A 7-year multi-centre retrospective review

Cited by 19 publications

References 30 publications

Prediction of Mortality in Acute Thermal Burn Patients Using the Abbreviated Burn Severity Index Score: A Single-Center Experience

Prediction of Mortality in Acute Thermal Burn Patients Using the Abbreviated Burn Severity Index Score: A Single-Center Experience

Analysis of Factors Influencing Trauma Healing in Children with Second-Degree Burns: A Single-Center Retrospective Study

Burn care at the National Orthopaedic Hospital, Enugu: A comparison of two 5-year periods: January 2012–December 2016 and January 2017–December 2021

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