Paediatric PNET: pre-surgical MRI features

Chawla, Ashish; Emmanuel, Johann; Seow, Wan-Tew; Lou, Jianjuan; Teo, Harvey E. L.; Lim, C. C. Tchoyoson

doi:10.1016/j.crad.2006.09.008

Cited by 66 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…On MR imaging scans, EBL and other CNS-PNETs appear as large, heterogeneous tumor masses with iso-to hyperintense signal to gray matter on T2WI, pointing to increased cellularity. 22,23 This is further supported by restricted diffusion (100% of our EBL cases) and decreased ADC, which has been reported for other CNS-PNETs as well. 24 In addition, necrosis and hemorrhage are common in CNS-PNET and in our EBL cases (77%).…”

Section: Image Analysissupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Surrounding edema seems to be only minimal in both EBL (9% in our study) and other CNS-PNETs. 23 Calcifications are seen in up to 70% of CNS-PNETs, with iso-to hyperattenuating appearance in CT. 22,26 This is relatively consistent with our EBL cases (60% calcifications), though we analyzed only 5 tumors with available CT scans. MR spectroscopy findings in CNS-PNET are characterized by marked elevation of taurine and choline levels with low creatine.…”

Section: Image Analysissupporting

confidence: 58%

“…It has been shown that about 40% of patients with supratentorial CNS-PNET or medulloblastoma show meningeal dissemination at presentation. 22 Spinal MR imaging is therefore strongly recommended and important for treatment and prognosis. Similar to cranial MR imaging, a difficulty in our study was the diverging image quality (section thickness, pulsation artifacts, sequence parameters) of the available spinal MR imaging scans.…”

Section: Image Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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MRI Characteristics of Ependymoblastoma: Results from 22 Centrally Reviewed Cases

Nowak

Seidel

Berg

et al. 2014

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Ependymoblastoma is a malignant embryonal tumor that develops in early childhood and has a dismal prognosis. Categorized by the World Health Organization as a subgroup of CNS-primitive neuroectodermal tumor, ependymoblastoma is histologically defined by "ependymoblastic rosettes." Because it is so rare, little is known about specific MR imaging characteristics of ependymoblastoma. We systematically analyzed and discussed MR imaging features of ependymoblastoma in a series of 22 consecutive patients.

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Section: Image Analysissupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Image Analysissupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Image Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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MRI Characteristics of Ependymoblastoma: Results from 22 Centrally Reviewed Cases

Nowak

Seidel

Berg

et al. 2014

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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“…LII LM is a rare subtype of LM described in the previous literature [35]. LII LM has two growth patterns, one that covers an extensive expanse of territory and a second that has a limited growth pattern.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptomeningeal metastasis from central nervous system tumors: A study of classification and stage in the spinal canal of 58 patients

Zhang

et al. 2012

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is caused by the spread of malignant tumor cells into the subarachnoid space. However, classification and staging of LM in the spinal canal is rare in the literature. The authors reviewed the records of 58 Chinese patients with LM for clinical features, neuroimaging, and treatments. Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain and spinal cord were performed in all patients. Removal of intracranial tumors was performed in all patients and diagnoses were confirmed by histology. The study group consisted of 58 patients, with 29 cases presenting with intraspinal symptoms. Of the 58, 8 patients underwent intraspinal tumor removal, 8 received radiotherapy alone, 9 received chemotherapy alone, and 34 patients received combined radiochemotherapy. We classified LM into 3 types: type L or leptomeninges LM, is subdivided into 2 subtypes (subtype LI and LII (a,b)), type N or nerve root LM is subdivided into 2 subtypes (subtype NI and NII (a,b)), and type M or mixed-type LM. We also divided LM into stages of I-IV according to the symptoms and the volume of the tumor based on spinal axial MRI. Type LI LM often occurs in patients with intracranial and intraspinal tumors found simultaneously. Patients who receive surgery for intracranial tumors may present with type N LM. Surgery is suitable for patients with NI LM and LIIb LM in stages III-IV, presenting with severe spinal symptoms. The prognosis is better for type N LM than type L LM.

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“…18) Preoperative neuroradiological findings vary and may consist of an enhanced lesion on T 1 -and T 2 -weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging or computed tomography (CT) with contrast medium, associated with cystic and necrotic portions, perifocal edema, or hemorrhage. 4) Initiation of early and interdisciplinary adjuvant treatment for PNETs after complete neurosurgical resection is critical for the patient, since these tumors show much more aggressive behavior and the treatment options are poorly defined compared to infratentorial counterparts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small Supratentorial, Extraaxial Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor Causing Large Intracerebral Hematoma -Case Report-

Burkhardt

Kockro

Dohmen-Scheufler

et al. 2011

Neurol. Med. Chir.(Tokyo)

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A 16-year-old boy presented with an unusual case of a supratentorial, extraaxial small round blue cell tumor of the central nervous system, which was most likely a primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET). Preoperative computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed a large multistage hematoma in the left central region. Intraoperatively, a small, superficial tumorous lesion was found between the sagittal sinus and a large cortical vein hidden by the hematoma. The histological diagnosis was PNET. This tumor is one of the most aggressive intracerebral tumors, not only in children, so treatment strategies must be early, profound, and interdisciplinary. This case represents an important example of atypical extraaxial appearance of this lesion, which should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cortical or subcortical hemorrhage, since complete resection of this lesion is critical for the successful treatment and outcome.

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Paediatric PNET: pre-surgical MRI features

Cited by 66 publications

References 26 publications

MRI Characteristics of Ependymoblastoma: Results from 22 Centrally Reviewed Cases

MRI Characteristics of Ependymoblastoma: Results from 22 Centrally Reviewed Cases

Leptomeningeal metastasis from central nervous system tumors: A study of classification and stage in the spinal canal of 58 patients

Small Supratentorial, Extraaxial Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor Causing Large Intracerebral Hematoma -Case Report-

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