Paenibacillus zeisoli sp. nov., isolated from maize-cultivated soil artificially contaminated with cadmium

Abstract

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, motile bacterial strain, designated 3-5-3 T , was isolated from maize-cultivated soil artificially contaminated with cadmium, in Nanyang, Henan Province, China. Strain 3-5-3 T was oxidase-and catalase-positive. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain 3-5-3 T was affiliated with the genus Paenibacillus and most closely related to Paenibacillus anaericanus MH2 T (96.5 % similarity). The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between 3-5-3 T and the closely related species ranged 69.4-84.5 % and 18.1-18.4 %. The genomic G+C content was 53.8 mol%. Anteiso-C 15 : 0 was the major fatty acid and MK-7 was the only menaquinone. The diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan contains meso-diaminopimelic acid. The polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, two unidentified glycolipids, two unidentified aminolipids, one unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified phosphoaminolipid and six unidentified lipids. On the basis of the results obtained in this study, strain 3-5-3 T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacilluszei soli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 3-5-3 T (=CGMCC 1.13686 T =KCTC 33998 T).

The Resistome and Mobilome of Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus sciuri C2865 Unveil a Transferable Trimethoprim Resistance Gene, Designated dfrE , Spread Unnoticed

“…DfrE is phylogenetically distant from all staphylococcal TMP resistance genes and displays a common ancestor with Dfrs from soil-associated P. anaericanus . Scarce data are available on P. anaericanus , but bacteria belonging to this genus are ubiquitous in nature, and closest species have been reported in different environmental sources, such as soils and rhizosphere from different crops ( 58 – 60 ). Importantly, dfrE evaded discovery in all available dfrE -carrying genomes except Exiguobacterium sp.…”

Staphylococcus sciuriC2865 from a distinct subspecies cluster as reservoir of the novel transferable trimethoprim resistance gene,dfrE,and adaptation driving mobile elements

“…A potential environmental origin is predicted, as Dhfr from soil-associated P. anaericanus evidenced the closest relative and DfrE was remarkably distant from the typical staphylococcal TMP resistant Dfrs. Scarce data is available on P. anaericanus, but bacteria belonging to this genus are ubiquitous in nature, and closest species have been reported in different environmental sources, such a soils and rhizosphere from different crops [91][92][93]. We identified the dfrE gene in a limited number of staphylococcal genomes from S. sciuri, S. aureus and S. arlettae of human and animal origin (including clinical samples) as well as in animal-associated M. caseolyticus strain JCSC5402 [47] and Exiguobacterium sp.…”

Description of Paenibacillus dokdonensis sp. nov., a new bacterium isolated from soil

“… Paenibacillus was separated from the genus Bacillus in 1993 [1] and is widely distributed in the environment, especially in soils [2, 3] such as plantation [4, 5], farmland [6], and urban [7] soils, as well as in soils under extreme conditions such as Arctic and acidic soil [8–10]. Members of the genus Paenibacillus can vary in characteristics such as Gram-stain and ability to grow aerobically or facultatively anaerobically.…”

“…Members of the genus Paenibacillus can vary in characteristics such as Gram-stain and ability to grow aerobically or facultatively anaerobically. Common characters include rod-shaped morphology, ability to form endospores, and motility using flagella [4]. Some species, such as P.…”

“…Members of the genus Paenibacillus can vary in characteristics such as Gram-stain and ability to grow aerobically or facultatively anaerobically. Common characters include rod-shaped morphology, ability to form endospores, and motility using flagella [4]. Some species, such as P. polymyxa, P. elgii, and P. macerans, are used for agriculture production [11] as fertilisers or pesticides [12] and have demonstrated to be effective [1,13].…”