Paeonol at Certain Doses Alleviates Aggressive and Anxiety-Like Behaviours in Two Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder Rat Models

Abstract

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), a common mental health disturbance associated with several periodic psychological symptoms in women. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the first-line treatment for PMS/PMDD patients; however, side effects are inevitable, especially in long-term treatment. In previous studies, the natural compound paeonol in Moutan Cortex was found to play effective roles in central nervous system disorders with its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and neuroprotective effects. Consequently, we assume that paeonol might produce positive effects in the treatment of PMS/PMDD. In this study, the open-field test (OFT) and elevated plus maze (EPM) and light dark box (LDB) tests were performed in mice to determine the optimal dose of paeonol for treating anxiety. Then, paeonol was used to treat the progesterone withdrawal (PWD) and resident intruder paradigm (RIP) rat models of PMDD. Using these two reliable models, the OFT and EPM, LDB, and composite aggressive tests were performed to evaluate the effect of the drug on behavioural symptoms of PMDD. From the dosage screening results, the optimal antianxiety dose of paeonol was identified as 17.5 mg/kg/d for 7 days. With regard to the effect of paeonol on PMDD rat models, a significantly improvement was found in the behavioural symptoms, but the effective dose varied in different models. For the PWD model rats, treatment with 6.05 mg/kg paeonol could significantly improve anxiety and irritability, while that with 24.23 mg/kg paeonol resulted in anxiety-like effects in behavioural tests. In RIP model rats, treatment with 12.11 mg/kg paeonol demonstrated excellent effects in improving anxiety, particularly irritable emotional behaviour. In conclusion, our study indicates that paeonol is a potential therapeutic compound for PMS/PMDD; it is a drug option that helps establish dosage guidance for treatment of this condition.

Mechanically induced solvent-free esterification method at room temperature

“…To our delight, thymol, paeonol and eugenol were tolerated, producing the resulting esters in medium yields (3da, 3db, and 3dc). 13–15 We were pleased to find that the direct esterification of cholesterol (3dd), 16 a cyclopentane polyhydrophenanthrene derivative necessary for the human body; and oleanolic acid (3de), 17 a medicine for treating infectious acute jaundice hepatitis, furnished the esterification products in low to medium yields, demonstrating the synthetic advantage of the I 2 /KH 2 PO 2 protocol ( Table 4 ). However, the KI/P(OEt) 3 protocol, delivered the esterification products only in trace amounts.…”

Paeonol alleviates migration and invasion of endometrial stromal cells by reducing HIF-1α-regulated autophagy in endometriosis

“…In general, our results showed that paeonol repressed migration and invasion of ecESCs through attenuation of hypoxia-triggered autophagy, and ameliorated histopathological changes and inflammatory response of endometriotic rats in a HIF-1α dependent manner, suggesting that paeonol might serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of endometriosis. Moreover, according previous study [33], paeonol might be intraperitoneally introduced into the patients with endometriosis.…”

Jie‐Yu‐He‐Huan Capsule Ameliorates Anxiety‐Like Behaviours in Rats Exposed to Chronic Restraint Stress via the cAMP/PKA/CREB/BDNF Signalling Pathway

“…The test started with the placement of the rats at the centre of the light chamber and lasted for 5 min. The XR-Super Maze tracking system was used to record the behaviour and analyse the total distance, light area distance, time in the light area, and light area entries [ 32 ].…”