PAF Promotes the Development of the Preimplantation Embryo

O’Neill, Christopher

doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-0179-8_42

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

1996

DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-0179-8_42

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PAF Promotes the Development of the Preimplantation Embryo

Christopher O’Neill

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2001

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Cited by 2 publications

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“…Exogenous PAF has been reported to exert a range of specific stimulatory effects on mouse early embryos (reviewed by O'Neill, 1997), including stimulation of oxidative metabolism of energy substrates (Ryan et al, , 1990a, total number of cells in blastocysts, cavitation and zona-hatching (Ryan et al, 1990b;Minhas, 1991;Roudebush et al, 1996;Stoddart et al, 1996). PAF also appears to promote cell survival in blastocysts developed from in vitro culture of zygotes at low cul-1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 262 N. R.…”

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Exogenous platelet-activating factor stimulates cell proliferation in mouse pre-implantation embryos prior to the fourth cell cycle and shows isoform-specific stimulatory effects

Stoddart

Roudebush

Fleming

2001

Zygote

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Mouse embryos secrete molecules homologous to platelet-activating factor (PAF), termed embryo-derived PAF (EPAF), which act in an autocrine/paracrine fashion to stimulate embryonic development in vitro. Mouse EPAF is thought to consist predominantly of hexadecyl (C16) and octadecyl (C18) PAF-like components. Mouse pre-implantation embryos cultured with exogenous PAF from the early cleavage stages exhibit increased blastocyst cell numbers and rates of mitosis around the 8-cell stage. We investigated whether exogenous PAF could specifically stimulate embryonic cell proliferation prior to the blastocyst stage in the mouse and also compared the biological activities of the C16 and C18 PAF isoforms as follows. Embryos were cultured for either 24 h or 120 h from the 2-cell stage and their total cell numbers were determined or their development assessed in terms of their incidence of successful zona-hatching respectively. In each case, embryos were cultured in unsupplemented medium or in medium supplemented with either C16 or C18 PAF (0.5 μM). Compared with controls, culture with C16 PAF produced a significant stimulation of mean total per number per embryo and a significant increase in the incidence of successful zona-hatching, whilst culture with C18 PAF had no significant effect. We then cultured 1-cell zygotes for 48 h in unsupplemented medium or medium supplemented with either an equimolar mixture of C16 and C18 PF or with either C16 or C18 PF alone (each at 0.2 μM). Embryos were also scored for cell number at 4 h and 30 h of culture. Although no significant effect on mean cell number per embryo was seen following 4 h or 30 h of culture with a mixed C16/C18 PAF preparation, culture for 48 h with a mixed C16/C18 PAF preparation or with C16 PAF alone produced a significant increase in mean cell number per embryo compared with controls - an effect that is likely to be receptor-mediated, since culture with an equivalent concentration of C18 PAF had no significant effect compared with controls. We have demonstrated that mouse zygotes/embryos can respond in a specific manner to exogenous hexadecyl PAF in terms of increased rates of cell proliferation prior to cavitation, and must be capable of doing so at some time between the first and third, and also between the second and fourth, cell cycles. Such embryos presumably express one or more classes of functional PAF-receptor molecule during this period (i.e. as early as during the 1-, 2- or 4-cell stages). We have also demonstrated that embryonic response to exogenous PAF is significantly isoform-specific, which may reflect differences between the two isoforms either in affinity for binding to putative embyronic PAF-receptor molecules or in their ability to elicit a stimulatory response following binding. This observation calls into question the use of preparations containing a mixture of hexadecyl and octadecyl PAF isoforms, particularly in dose-response studies, in the mouse.

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Exogenous platelet-activating factor stimulates cell proliferation in mouse pre-implantation embryos prior to the fourth cell cycle and shows isoform-specific stimulatory effects

Stoddart

Roudebush

Fleming

2001

Zygote

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Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolases in health and disease

Tjoelker

Stafforini

2000

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biolog

150

112

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PAF Promotes the Development of the Preimplantation Embryo

Cited by 2 publications

References 17 publications

Exogenous platelet-activating factor stimulates cell proliferation in mouse pre-implantation embryos prior to the fourth cell cycle and shows isoform-specific stimulatory effects

Exogenous platelet-activating factor stimulates cell proliferation in mouse pre-implantation embryos prior to the fourth cell cycle and shows isoform-specific stimulatory effects

Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolases in health and disease

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