Pain Discomfort and Crevicular Fluid Changes Induced by Orthodontic Elastic Separators in Children

Giannopoulou, Catherine; Dudic, Alexander; Kiliaridis, Stavros

doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2005.12.008

Cited by 115 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Additionally, IL-1β also responded to the intensity of mechanics. Interleukin-1β levels displayed significant elevation between 1 h [4,5,36] and 1 d. Peak of IL-1β was observed at 1d [27,31,34], 72 h [35], or not at all [2]. Without re-activation, IL-1β decreased significantly at 7 d to the baseline level, yet reached a higher peak after re-activation [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Among these studies, further analysis of the titles, abstracts, and fulltexts revealed that 25 were relevant for the present study. A summary of papers that were excluded is presented in Figure 1 (exhibiting the orthodontic mechanics, GCF sampling methods, and cytokine measurements) [1][2][3][4][5][6][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Giannopoulou et al [5] reported that simple routine procedures, such as placement of elastic separators, could cause pain in children. These authors reported fast release of biochemical markers (1 h) with peak after 1 day and partial decrease after 7 days.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mechanical stimuli applied on teeth provoke inflammatory responses in periodontal tissues, with release of inflammatory mediators, inducing the biological processes that promote alveolar bone resorption and apposition [1][2][3][4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cytokines in crevicular fluid and orthodontic force: a systematic review

Allgayer

Menezes

Rinaldi

2017

Rev. Odonto Ciênc. (Online)

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OBJECTIVE: This paper aimed to analyze studies in the literature addressing the role of cytokines in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in the orthodontic treatment. METHODS: Several databases were surveyed using both MESH terms and free terms. Additional studies were obtained by reference tracking. This review was registered in PROSPERO, and the procedures foreseen by its statement were followed. Data were obtained from the included studies addressing the orthodontic mechanics, GCF sampling/handling methods, and cytokine measurements. Clinical studies written in English were browsed. Papers were selected by one reviewer and checked by a second investigator. RESULTS: A total of 115 articles were identified, among which 25 were selected for detailed analysis. Common drawbacks consisted mainly of inadequacies in the study design (e.g. short duration and small number of study subjects). The most consistent result was a peak of cytokine levels at 1 d. Associations were observed between prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and pain, velocity of tooth movement, and treatment mechanics. Interleukin-1b and PGE2 showed different patterns of up-regulation, with IL-1β being more responsive to mechanical stress and PGE2 more responsive to synergistic regulation of IL-1β and mechanical force. The results support the use of light continuous forces for orthodontic treatment. CONCLUSION: There was a tendency of maintenance of relatively high IL-1β levels for longer periods with the use of light continuous forces, which might decrease the frequency of activation. These outcomes provide evidence at the cellular level for the utilization of light continuous forces.Key words: Systematic review; Orthodontics, corrective; Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF); Interleukin; T Cells.Papel das citocinas presentes no fluido crevicular durante o tratamento ortodôntico: uma revisão sistemática REsUMO OBJETIVO: Este artigo teve como objetivo analisar estudos na literatura abordando o papel das citocinas no Líquido do Sulco Gengival no tratamento ortodôntico. MéTODOS: Várias bases de dados foram pesquisadas usando termos MESH e termos livres. Estudos adicionais foram obtidos por rastreamento de referência. Esta revisão foi registrada no PROSPERO, e os procedimentos previstos por sua declaração foram seguidos. Os dados foram obtidos dos estudos incluídos sobre a mecânica ortodôntica, métodos de amostragem / manuseio de Líquido do Sulco Gengival e medições de citoquinas. Estudos clínicos escritos em inglês foram pesquisados. Os trabalhos foram selecionados por um revisor e verificados por um segundo investigador. RESULTADOS: Foram identificados 115 artigos, dentre os quais 25 foram selecionados para análise detalhada. As desvantagens comuns consistiram principalmente em insuficiências no design do estudo (por exemplo, curta duração e pequeno número de sujeitos do estudo). O resultado mais consistente foi um pico de níveis de citocinas a 1 d. Foram observadas associações entre prostaglandina E2 (PGE2) e interleucina-1β (IL-1β) ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cytokines in crevicular fluid and orthodontic force: a systematic review

Allgayer

Menezes

Rinaldi

2017

Rev. Odonto Ciênc. (Online)

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“…It was suggested that tooth movement pain is caused by a process of pressure, ischemia, inflammation, and edema (Furstman and Bernick, 1972), which lead to the release of inflammatory mediators (Kato et al, 1996;Giannopoulou et al, 2006). Cyclooxygenase2 (COX2) is the dominant source of prostaglandins (PGs) induced by inflammatory stimuli (McAdam et al, 2000).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased COX2 in the Trigeminal Nucleus Caudalis Is Involved in Orofacial Pain Induced by Experimental Tooth Movement

Duan

2010

The Anatomical Record

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Pain is among the major problems during orthodontic treatment. Recent studies have shown that central Cyclooxygenase2 (COX2) pathway was involved in several pain models. The present study investigated whether inducible COX2 within the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (Vc) contributed to experimental tooth movement pain in freely moving rats. Elastic rubber bands were inserted between the first and second maxillary molars bilaterally to establish tooth movement model. The directed mouth wiping behavior was used to evaluate the pain during tooth movement. COX2 distribution in Vc was studied by immunohistochemistry and the changes of COX2 expression were detected by Western blot at different time point after rubber band insertion. Our results showed that tooth movement significantly increased COX2 expression in Vc and the time spent on mouth wiping, reaching a maximum at 1 day and then decreasing gradually. Furthermore, the rhythm change of COX2 expression in Vc and the mouth wiping behavior were much correlative with each other. All of the COX2-immunoreactive structures in Vc exhibited NeuN-immunopositive staining and most of these COX2-immunoreactive neurons were Fos-immunopositive. Importantly, the mouth wiping behavior could be attenuated by intracisternal injection of NS-398 (a selective COX2 inhibitor) but not by periodontal administration of NS-398. All these results suggested that increased COX2 in Vc was involved in tooth movement pain and thus may be a central target for orthodontic pain treatment. Anat Rec, 293:485-491, 2010. V V C 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Markers of paradental tissue remodeling in the gingival crevicular fluid and saliva of orthodontic patients

Iwasaki¹

2015

Biological Mechanisms of Tooth Movement

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Pain Discomfort and Crevicular Fluid Changes Induced by Orthodontic Elastic Separators in Children

Cited by 115 publications

References 39 publications

Cytokines in crevicular fluid and orthodontic force: a systematic review

Cytokines in crevicular fluid and orthodontic force: a systematic review

Increased COX2 in the Trigeminal Nucleus Caudalis Is Involved in Orofacial Pain Induced by Experimental Tooth Movement

Markers of paradental tissue remodeling in the gingival crevicular fluid and saliva of orthodontic patients

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