Painful Stimuli Evoke Potentials Recorded Over the Human Anterior Cingulate Gyrus

Lenz, Fred A.; Ríos, Matthew; Zirh, T. A.; Chau, David T.; Krauss, Greg; Lesser, Ronald P.

doi:10.1152/jn.1998.79.4.2231

Cited by 216 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Whereas Lenz et al (1998) and Rios et al (1999) reported only "late" cingulate responses at 220 -250 ms, Ohara et al (2004a,b) recorded more recently a negative wave at 140 -160 ms, i.e., at latencies close to those obtained in our patients. The peak latencies of opercular and CC responses were almost identical in one patient and delayed by 10 -15 ms in two.…”

Section: Response Localizationsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…However, emotional and vegetative reactions involving the rostral-perigenual CC are not likely to be triggered by our laser stimulus, which produces a sharp pinprick sensation qualified as "painful," but seldom perceived as strongly unpleasant or hyperalgesic. In accordance with this view, Lenz et al (1998) using laser stimulation and subdural electrodes recorded local maxima of CC LEPs 30 mm anterior to the central sulcus, i.e., over the MCC, and not in regions rostral or caudal to this area.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

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Parallel Processing of Nociceptive A-δ Inputs in SII and Midcingulate Cortex in Humans

Frot¹,

Mauguı̀ere²,

Magnin³

et al. 2008

J. Neurosci.

137

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The cingulate cortex (CC) as a part of the "medial" pain subsystem is generally assumed to be involved in the affective and/or cognitive dimensions of pain processing, which are viewed as relatively slow processes compared with the sensory-discriminative pain coding by the lateral second somatosensory area (SII)-insular cortex. The present study aimed at characterizing the location and timing of the CC evoked responses during the 1 s period after a painful laser stimulus, by exploring the whole rostrocaudal extent of this cortical area using intracortical recordings in humans. Only a restricted area in the median CC region responded to painful stimulation, namely the posterior midcingulate cortex (pMCC), the location of which is consistent with the so-called "motor CC" in monkeys. Cingulate pain responses showed two components, of which the earliest peaked at latencies similar to those obtained in SII. These data provide direct evidence that activations underlying the processing of nociceptive information can occur simultaneously in the "medial" and "lateral" subsystems. The existence of short-latency pMCC responses to pain further indicates that the "medial pain system" is not devoted exclusively to the processing of emotional information, but is also involved in fast attentional orienting and motor withdrawal responses to pain inputs. These functions are, not surprisingly, conducted in parallel with pain intensity coding and stimulus localization specifically subserved by the sensory-discriminative "lateral" pain system.

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Section: Response Localizationsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Parallel Processing of Nociceptive A-δ Inputs in SII and Midcingulate Cortex in Humans

Frot¹,

Mauguı̀ere²,

Magnin³

et al. 2008

J. Neurosci.

137

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The lack of perceived intensity difference may be because the brevity of each stimulus did not provide the temporal summation necessary for accurate intensity estimation (Torebjork et al, 1984;Magerl et al, 1999); in addition, the short intervals between the CS and TS may have impaired the ability of our subjects to discriminate clearly between them and to evaluate intensity differences easily. Finally, the evoked potentials we recorded at Cz are probably generated within or near the anterior cingulate gyrus (Lenz et al, 1998) and their amplitudes may not be specifically and exclusively related to perceived stimulus intensity. …”

mentioning

confidence: 87%

An inhibitory interaction of human cortical responses to stimuli preferentially exciting Aδ or C fibers

2008

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Finely myelinated (type Aδ) and unmyelinated (type C) fibers are the major afferent inputs to spinothalamic tract neurons mediating sensory and reflex responses to noxious and thermal stimuli. These two fiber types differ in their sensory and biophysical properties, raising questions about the interaction of their supraspinal responses. Therefore, we investigated the interaction of cortical responses to stimuli that preferentially excite these fibers in human subjects using evoked potential recordings in a paired conditioning stimulation (CS) and test stimulation (TS) paradigm. There were two experiments, one with Aδ as CS and C as TS (Aδ-C) and another with these stimuli reversed (C-Aδ). We used intra-epidermal electrical pulses applied to the dorsal left hand at 2 and 1 × pinprick threshold (pp) for the preferential stimulation of Aδ fibers and 37 -50°C contact heat pulses applied to the left or right thenar and left hypothenar eminences for the preferential stimulation of C fibers. We found that the cortical response to preferential Aδ or C fiber stimulation was attenuated whenever either cortical response preceded the other. Standardized values of peak and integrated amplitudes were < 1 in all paring conditions and in all subjects in both experiments. The suppressive effect varied in magnitude with the intensity of the conditioning stimulus in both Aδ-C and C-Aδ experiments. Furthermore, intra-segmental interaction was differentially effective for Aδ conditioning, (peak amplitude, p < 0.008; ANOVA). Our experiments provide the first neurophysiological evidence for a somatotopically distributed, mutually suppressive interaction between cortical responses to preferentially activated Aδ and C afferents in humans. This suppressive interaction of cortical responses suggests contrasting and possibly mutually exclusive sensori-motor functions mediated through the Aδ and C fiber afferent channels. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptNeuroscience. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2008 June 20. Published in final edited form as:Neuroscience. 2008 March 27; 152(3): 798-808. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptAs a population, spinothalamic neurons receive direct synaptic input from a variety of somatic and visceral afferent fibers. The cutaneous afferent inputs include large diameter myelinated (Aβ) fibers that are activated only by tactile stimuli and small diameter, finely myelinated (Aδ) and unmyelinated (C) fibers innervating receptors responding to innocuous and noxious mechanical...

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“…Since pain evoked-potential studies suggest short-latency activation in dPCC (Lenz et al, 1998;Bentley et al, 2003;Schlereth et al, 2003) and there is a low level of emotionrelevant activation here (Vogt et al, 2003;Vogt, 2005), nociceptive activity in pMCC and dPCC is not likely affective. Since the rabbit and rat do not have a dPCC, dorsal RSC may perform similar functions in these species.…”

Section: Nociception Extends Beyond Anterior Cingulate Cortexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and properties of visceral nociceptive neurons in rabbit cingulate cortex

Sikes

Vogt

2008

Pain

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Human imaging localizes most visceral nociceptive responses to anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), however, imaging in conscious subjects cannot completely control anticipatory and reflexive activity or resolve neuron activity. This study overcame these shortcomings by recording individual neuron responses in 12 anesthetized and paralyzed rabbits to define the visceronociceptive response pattern by region and layer. Balloon distension was applied to the colon at innocuous (15 mmHg) or noxious (60 mmHg) intensities, and innocuous and noxious mechanical, thermal and electrical stimuli were applied to the skin. Simultaneous recording from multiple regions assured differences were not due to anesthesia and neuron responses were resolved by spike sorting using principal components analysis. Of the total 346 neurons, 48% were nociceptive; responding to noxious levels of visceral or cutaneous stimulation, or both. Visceronociceptive neurons were most frequent in ACC (39%) and midcingulate cortex (MCC, 36%) and infrequent in retrosplenial cortex (RSC, 12%). In contrast, cutaneous nociceptive units were higher in MCC (MCC, 43%; ACC, 32%; RSC, 23%). Visceralspecific neurons were proportionately more frequent in ACC (37%), while cutaneous-specific units predominated in RSC (62.5%). Visceral nociceptive response durations were longer than those for cutaneous responses. Postmortem analysis of electrode tracks confirmed regional designations, and laminar analysis found inhibitory responses mainly in superficial layers and excitatory in deep layers. Thus, cingulate visceral nociception extends beyond ACC, this is the first report of nociceptive activity in RSC including nociceptive cutaneous responses, and these regional differences require a new model of cingulate nociceptive processing.

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Painful Stimuli Evoke Potentials Recorded Over the Human Anterior Cingulate Gyrus

Cited by 216 publications

References 22 publications

Parallel Processing of Nociceptive A-δ Inputs in SII and Midcingulate Cortex in Humans

Parallel Processing of Nociceptive A-δ Inputs in SII and Midcingulate Cortex in Humans

An inhibitory interaction of human cortical responses to stimuli preferentially exciting Aδ or C fibers

Distribution and properties of visceral nociceptive neurons in rabbit cingulate cortex

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