Paint has the potential to release microplastics, nanoplastics, inorganic nanoparticles, and hybrid materials

Abstract

Background When we paint our houses or offices, we might paint plastic, because most paints are generally formulated with polymer binders. After drying and curing, the binders fix the colourants on the painted surface as a film of plastic mixture, which is tested herein using Raman imaging to analyse and directly visualise the hybrid plastic-colourant (titanium dioxide or TiO2 nanoparticles). Results For the plastic mixture or hybrid, the co-existence and competition between the Raman signals of plastic and TiO2 complicate the individual analysis, which should be carefully extracted and separated in order to avoid the weak signal of plastic to be masked by that of TiO2. This is particularly important when considering the Raman activity of TiO2 is much stronger than that of plastic. Plastic is observed to coat the TiO2 nanoparticle surface, individually or as a bulk to embed the TiO2 nanoparticles as mixture or hybrid. Once branched, pended, scratched or aged, the paint can also be peeled off from the painted surface, including gyprock, wood and glass, releasing microplastics and nanoplastics (coating onto the individual TiO2 nanoparticle surface or embedding the TiO2 nanoparticles, or individually as particles) in potential. Conclusions Our test sends us a warning that we are surrounded by plastic items that might release microplastics and nanoplastics in potential, for which the risk assessment is needed. Overall, Raman imaging is a suitable approach to effectively characterise microplastics and nanoplastics, even from the mixture with the hybrid background and the complicated interference. Graphical Abstract

Nanoscale materials at work: Mapping emerging applications in energy, medicine, and beyond

“…[80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89] These associations are due mostly to concerns over the effects of nanoplastic waste in the environment. Co-occurrence with nanoparticles is also present due to some nanoplastics being identified as nanoparticles [90][91][92] , but publications also discuss other associated nanoparticles (for example silver and TiO2), regarding their removal alongside nanoplastics 80 , their combined toxic effects 84 , identification of nanoplastics in nanoparticle mixtures 93 , their use to enhance sensors to quantify nanoplastics 94 , and for other reasons.…”