“…Since a huge number of image corpora have been produced by visual sensor equipment , an increasing demand for efficient encoding and indexing of these image corpora has attracted the attention of a considerable number of researchers [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]. Thanks to the investigators’ breakthroughs, a myriad of methods [8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28] have continuously been developed for encoding and indexing.…”