Pale green mutant analyses reveal the importance of CsGLKs in chloroplast developmental regulation and their effects on flavonoid biosynthesis in tea plant

Hao, Xinyuan; Zhang, Weifu; Liu, Ying; Zhang, Haojie; Ren, Hengze; Chen, Yao; Wang, Lu; Zeng, Jianming; Yang, Yajun; Wang, Xinchao

doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.11.036

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In the previous research, the flavonoids pathway was closely related to photosynthesis and chlorophyll content [ 53 , 54 ], and there was the same response pattern between the content of total flavone and Pn when the light intensity changed [ 55 ]. Catechins biosynthesis in tea plants seriously was affected by photosynthesis [ 56 ], as well as the daily course of photosynthetic activity of tea leaves and the accumulation of catechins in tea leaves have almost parallel characteristics [ 57 , 58 ]. Additionally, photosynthesis and chlorophyll influenced catechins biosynthesis and epicatechin content [ 59 ], which is consistent with our result that the catechins content was positively correlated with Pn and Tr.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light control of catechin accumulation is mediated by photosynthetic capacity in tea plant (Camellia sinensis)

et al. 2021

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Background Catechins are crucial in determining the flavour and health benefits of tea, but it remains unclear that how the light intensity regulates catechins biosynthesis. Therefore, we cultivated tea plants in a phytotron to elucidate the response mechanism of catechins biosynthesis to light intensity changes. Results In the 250 μmol·m− 2·s− 1 treatment, the contents of epigallocatechin, epigallocatechin gallate and total catechins were increased by 98.94, 14.5 and 13.0% respectively, compared with those in the 550 μmol·m− 2·s− 1 treatment. Meanwhile, the photosynthetic capacity was enhanced in the 250 μmol·m− 2·s− 1 treatment, including the electron transport rate, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and expression of related genes (such as CspsbA, CspsbB, CspsbC, CspsbD, CsPsbR and CsGLK1). In contrast, the extremely low or high light intensity decreased the catechins accumulation and photosynthetic capacity of the tea plants. The comprehensive analysis revealed that the response of catechins biosynthesis to the light intensity was mediated by the photosynthetic capacity of the tea plants. Appropriately high light upregulated the expression of genes related to photosynthetic capacity to improve the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), and electron transfer rate (ETR), which enhanced the contents of substrates for non-esterified catechins biosynthesis (such as EGC). Meanwhile, these photosynthetic capacity-related genes and gallic acid (GA) biosynthesis-related genes (CsaroB, CsaroDE1, CsaroDE2 and CsaroDE3) co-regulated the response of GA accumulation to light intensity. Eventually, the epigallocatechin gallate content was enhanced by the increased contents of its precursors (EGC and GA) and the upregulation of the CsSCPL gene. Conclusions In this study, the catechin content and photosynthetic capacity of tea plants increased under appropriately high light intensities (250 μmol·m− 2·s− 1 and 350 μmol·m− 2·s− 1) but decreased under extremely low or high light intensities (150 μmol·m− 2·s− 1 or 550 μmol·m− 2·s− 1). We found that the control of catechin accumulation by light intensity in tea plants is mediated by the plant photosynthetic capacity. The research provided useful information for improving catechins content and its light-intensity regulation mechanism in tea plant.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light control of catechin accumulation is mediated by photosynthetic capacity in tea plant (Camellia sinensis)

et al. 2021

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“…The higher expression level was in green parts at stage S3. A previous study showed that a significant downregulation of CsGLKs likely caused the chloroplast defect ( Hao et al, 2019 ). Therefore, the expression silencing of AbGLK1 should be responsible for the chloroplast developmental defects in the white parts of the chimeric leaf.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of Reference Genes for Quantitative Real-Time PCR Normalization in Ananas comosus var. bracteatus During Chimeric Leaf Development and Response to Hormone Stimuli

Mao

Xue

et al. 2021

Front. Genet.

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Reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) is a common way to study gene regulation at the transcriptional level due to its sensibility and specificity, but it needs appropriate reference genes to normalize data. Ananas comosus var. bracteatus, with white-green chimeric leaves, is an important pantropical ornamental plant. Up to date, no reference genes have been evaluated in Ananas comosus var. bracteatus. In this work, we used five common statistics tools (geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, ΔCt method, RefFinder) to evaluate 10 candidate reference genes. The results showed that Unigene.16454 and Unigene.16459 were the optimal reference genes for different tissues, Unigene.16454 and zinc finger ran-binding domain-containing protein 2 (ZRANB2) for chimeric leaf at different developmental stages, isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP] (IDH) and triacylglycerol lipase SDP1-like (SDP) for seedlings under different hormone treatments. The comprehensive results showed IDH, pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein (PPRC), Unigene.16454, and caffeoyl-CoA O methyltransferase 5-like (CCOAOMT) are the top-ranked stable genes across all the samples. The stability of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was the least during all experiments. Furthermore, the reliability of recommended reference gene was validated by the detection of porphobilinogen deaminase (HEMC) expression levels in chimeric leaves. Overall, this study provides appropriate reference genes under three specific experimental conditions and will be useful for future research on spatial and temporal regulation of gene expression and multiple hormone regulation pathways in Ananas comosus var. bracteatus.

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“…All enzymes for chlorophyll biosynthesis and degradation have been identified in model plants [24,40]. Most of the studies focused on chlorophyll synthesis and degradation in relation to tea leaf color [41,42]. The changes in expression of genes involved in chlorophyll synthesis and degradation ( Figure 1B,C) indicated that the increase in chlorophyll content in fresh tea leaves under long-term N application might be due to the activation of genes involved in its synthesis [43,44].…”

Section: Effect Of Long-term Nitrogen Application On Chlorophyll Syntmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Long-Term Nitrogen Fertilization on the Formation of Metabolites Related to Tea Quality in Subtropical China

Chen

Wang

et al. 2021

Metabolites

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As a main agronomic intervention in tea cultivation, nitrogen (N) application is useful to improve tea yield and quality. However, the effects of N application on the formation of tea quality-related metabolites have not been fully studied, especially in long-term field trials. In this study, a 10-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of long-term N application treatments on tea quality-related metabolites, their precursors, and related gene expression. Long-term N application up-regulated the expression of key genes for chlorophyll synthesis and promoted its synthesis, thus increasing tea yield. It also significantly increased the contents of total free amino acids, especially l-theanine, in fresh tea leaves, while decreasing the catechin content, which is conducive to enhancing tea liquor freshness. However, long-term N application significantly reduced the contents of benzyl alcohol and 2-phenylethanol in fresh tea leaves, and also reduced (E)-nerolidol and indole in withered leaves, which were not conducive to the formation of floral and fruity aroma compounds. In general, an appropriate amount of N fertilizer (225 kg/hm2) balanced tea yield and quality. These results not only provide essential information on how N application affects tea quality, but also provide detailed experimental data for field fertilization.

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Pale green mutant analyses reveal the importance of CsGLKs in chloroplast developmental regulation and their effects on flavonoid biosynthesis in tea plant

Cited by 17 publications

References 34 publications

Light control of catechin accumulation is mediated by photosynthetic capacity in tea plant (Camellia sinensis)

Light control of catechin accumulation is mediated by photosynthetic capacity in tea plant (Camellia sinensis)

Validation of Reference Genes for Quantitative Real-Time PCR Normalization in Ananas comosus var. bracteatus During Chimeric Leaf Development and Response to Hormone Stimuli

Effects of Long-Term Nitrogen Fertilization on the Formation of Metabolites Related to Tea Quality in Subtropical China

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