Paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic evolution and cyclo- and chrono-stratigraphy of upper Permian–Lower Triassic fluvial-lacustrine deposits in Bogda Mountains, NW China — Implications for diachronous plant evolution across the Permian–Triassic boundary

Yang, Wan; Wan, Mingli; Crowley, James L.; Wang, Jun; Luo, Xiaorong; Tabor, Neil J.; Angielczyk, Kenneth D.; Gastaldo, Robert A.; Geissman, J. W.; Liu, Feng; Roopnarine, Peter D.; Sidor, Christian A.

doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103741

Cited by 20 publications

(47 citation statements)

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“…This complicates tests for Bergmann's rule using specific environmental indicators. Seasonally dry, subhumid to semiarid conditions have been inferred for the mid-Induan lower Olenekian Jiucaiyuan Formation in the Turpan-Junngar Basin (Yang et al 2021). Seasonally dry conditions are inferred during the extinction interval in the Karoo Basin; however, aridity estimates are highly variable (e.g., Smith and Botha-Brink 2014;Li et al 2017;Tabor et al 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specimens were selected to best represent the maximum distribution of Lystrosaurus skull size from all known Early Triassic localities. Paleolatitude was estimated from tectonic plate reconstructions made available through the online calculator developed by van Hinsbergen et al (2015) and range from approximately 73°S–55°S and ~45°N (van Hinsbergen et al 2015; Yang et al 2021). These ranges were reconstructed from the basins preserving Early Triassic Lystrosaurus , but importantly lack records from low paleolatitudes (Romano et al 2020).…”

Section: Data Collection and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, we examine whether body-size proxies vary predictably with paleolatitude in Triassic species of Lystrosaurus . Our sample includes nearly 500 specimens recovered from four basins that span a range of paleolatitudes from approximately 73°S–55°S and ~45°N (van Hinsbergen et al 2015; Yang et al 2021) (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A test of Bergmann's rule in the Early Triassic: latitude, body size, and sampling in Lystrosaurus

Kulik¹,

Sidor²

2022

Paleobiology

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The ecogeographic rule known as Bergmann's rule suggests that there is a positive relationship between body size and latitude when comparing closely related taxa. The underlying mechanism or mechanisms to explain this pattern vary as widely as the taxa that seem to follow it, which has led to skepticism over whether Bergmann's rule should be considered a rule at all. Despite this, Bergmann's rule is widespread among modern birds, mammals, beetles, and some amphibians, but far fewer extinct taxa have been subjected to tests of Bergmann's rule. To examine whether Bergmann's rule is detected in extinct taxa, we compared body-size proxies in Lystrosaurus recovered from Early Triassic–aged strata in Antarctica, South Africa, India, and China. Our results reveal that average body size is largest at mid-northern paleolatitudes (~45°N) instead of the highest southern paleolatitudes (~70°S). Additionally, maximum body size is consistent across the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, indicating that Bergmann's rule did not apply for Lystrosaurus during the Early Triassic. To test potential sample size biases in our results, we used rarefaction and subsampling to show that only the Karoo Basin is well sampled and that large individuals are exceedingly rare, except in the Turpan-Junggar Basin of Xinjiang, China. Taken together, our results suggest that Lystrosaurus had the potential to reach large body sizes in each of the latitudinally widespread geologic basins studied here, but that local conditions may have allowed individuals at mid-northern paleolatitudes a greater chance of reaching a large size compared with southern congeners that suffered increased mortality when young or at a small size.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Collection and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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A test of Bergmann's rule in the Early Triassic: latitude, body size, and sampling in Lystrosaurus

Kulik¹,

Sidor²

2022

Paleobiology

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“…Similar coeval sedimentological hiatuses were also reported in the whole PAO. Yang et al (2010Yang et al ( , 2021 reported a stratigraphic gap between the Cisuralian and the Lopingian in the Turpan Basin, which lasted for nearly 18 Myr, from 283.5 to 265.1 Ma. Given the similar tectonic background among the Junggar, Turpan and Hami basins in the Permian, such stratigraphic gap may also exist in northern Xinjiang (Gao et al, 2020).…”

Section: Tectonic Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Carboniferous and Permian integrative stratigraphy and timescale of North China Block

Shen

et al. 2022

Sci. China Earth Sci.

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The Carboniferous-Permian strata in the North China Block (NCB) contain abundant fossils, coals and natural gases. Establishing a high-resolution timescale for the Carboniferous and Permian in the NCB is essential to understand the geologic events and explore the spatial and temporal distributions of the natural resources. The upper Carboniferous and the basal part of Permian are relatively well correlated because they yield marine conodont and fusuline fossils. However, the Permian terrestrial strata mostly rely on poorly constrained palynostratigraphy and phytostratigraphy and are short of the precise geochronologic constraints on the correlation with the marine strata. This study provides a critical review on the state-of-the-art of the latest Carboniferous and Permian chronostratigraphic and biostratigraphic frameworks and stratigraphic correlation in the NCB. The Penchi Formation ranges from lower Bashkirian to lower Gzhelian; the Taiyuan Formation is assigned to the upper Gzhelian to lower Asselian; the Shansi and Lower Shihhotse formations are from middle Asselian to lower Sakmarian; the Upper Shihhotse Formation is assigned to upper Artinskian to lower Kungurian, and the Sunjiagou Formation was assigned to Lopingian, respectively. A long hiatus up to ~20 Myr between the Upper Shihhotse and Sunjiagou formations, mainly marked by a large-scale erosional surface at the base of a coarse conglomeratic sandstone unit and/or multiple paleosol layers as well as significant differences of floras between these two lithostratigraphic units, is present probably due to tectonic uplift in association with the closure of the Paleo Asian Ocean (PAO) during the Cisuralian and Guadalupian. The possible amplitude of sea-level changes from Carboniferous to Permian on the NCB is estimated from 0 to 40 m. The floral succession, depositional records and organic carbon isotope profiles suggest that the latest Carboniferous and earliest Permian was a favorable period for coal accumulation under an ever-wet and warm climate, followed by a prominent shift to dry climate from early-middle Cisuralian. This climatic shift during the Permian was mainly resulted from northward migration of the Pangea and the closure of the PAO, which is comparable with the Carboniferous and Permian trends in central Europe.

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“…FIGURE 15 | Synthesis of magnetic polarity stratigraphy information from the four stratigraphic sections from northwest Texas discussed in this study, compared with several magnetic polarity time scales for the time interval across the Permian-Triassic boundary, as either proposed global geomagnetic polarity time scales or as results from specific studied sections. The proposed magnetic polarity time scales are scaled to a global chronostratigraphy time scale for the latest Permian/earliest Triassic taken fromYang et al (2021). For the four stratigraphic sections shown here, we indicate the approximate position, using a heavy tan line, of the stratigraphic interval containing the ash fall (volcanic) deposit(s) that have yielded high-precision U-Pb zircon age determinations (also shown).…”

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Evidence of a Continuous Continental Permian-Triassic Boundary Section in western Equatorial Pangea, Palo Duro Basin, Northwest Texas, U.S.A.

et al. 2022

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The Whitehorse Group and Quartermaster Formation are extensive red-bed terrestrial sequences representing the final episode of sedimentation in the Palo Duro Basin in north-central Texas, U.S.A. Regionally, these strata record the culmination of a long-term regression sequence beginning in the middle to late Permian. The Whitehorse Group includes beds of abundant laminated to massive red quartz siltstone to fine sandstone and rare dolomite, laminated to massive gypsum, and claystones, as well as diagenetic gypsum. The Quartermaster Formation exhibits a change from nearly equal amounts of thin planar and lenticular fine sandstone and laminated to massive mudstone in its lower half to overlying strata with coarser-grained, cross-bedded sandstones indicative of meandering channels up to 7 m deep and rare overbank mudstones. Paleosols are absent in the Upper Whitehorse Group and only poorly developed in the Quartermaster Formation. Volcanic ash-fall deposits (tuffs) present in uppermost Whitehorse Group and lower Quartermaster Formation strata permit correlation among five stratigraphic sections distributed over ∼150 km and provide geochronologic age information for these rocks. Both the Whitehorse Group and Quartermaster Formation have traditionally been assigned to the late Permian Ochoan (Changhsingian) stage, and workers assumed that the Permian-Triassic boundary is characterized by a regionally significant unconformity. Chemostratigraphic or biostratigraphic evidence for this age assignment, however, have been lacking to date. Single zircon U-Pb CA-TIMS analyses from at least two distinct volcanic ash fall layers in the lower Quartermaster Formation, which were identified and collected from five different localities across the Palo Duro Basin, yield interpreted depositional ages ranging from 252.19 ± 0.30 to 251.74 ± 0.28 Ma. Single zircon U-Pb CA-TIMS analyses of detrital zircons from sandstones located only a few meters beneath the top of the Quartermaster Formation yield a range of dates from Mesoproterozoic (1418 Ma) to Middle Triassic (244.5 Ma; Anisian), the latter of which is interpreted as a maximum depositional age, which is no older than Anisian, thus indicating the Permian-Triassic boundary to lie somewhere within the lower Quartermaster Formation/upper Whitehorse Group succession. Stable carbon isotope data from 180 samples of early-burial dolomicrite cements preserve a chemostratigraphic signal that is similar among sections, with a large ∼−8‰ negative isotope excursion ∼20 m beneath the Whitehorse Group-Quartermaster Formation boundary. This large negative carbon isotope excursion is interpreted to be the same excursion associated with the end-Permian extinction and this is in concert with the new high precision radioisotopic age data presented and the fact that the excursion lies within a normal polarity stratigraphic magnetozone. Dolomite cement δ13C values remain less negative (between about −5 and −8 permil) into the lower part of the Quartermaster Formation before becoming more positive toward the top of the section. This long interval of negative δ13C values in the Quartermaster Formation is interpreted to represent the earliest Triassic (Induan) inception of biotic and ecosystem “recovery.” Oxygen isotope values of dolomicrite cements show a progressive trend toward more positive values through the boundary interval, suggesting substantially warmer conditions around the end-Permian extinction event and a trend toward cooler conditions after the earliest Triassic. Our observations on these strata show that the paleoenvironment and paleoclimate across the Permian-Triassic boundary in western, sub-equatorial Pangea was characterized by depositional systems that were not conducive to plant preservation.

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Paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic evolution and cyclo- and chrono-stratigraphy of upper Permian–Lower Triassic fluvial-lacustrine deposits in Bogda Mountains, NW China — Implications for diachronous plant evolution across the Permian–Triassic boundary

Cited by 20 publications

References 101 publications

A test of Bergmann's rule in the Early Triassic: latitude, body size, and sampling in Lystrosaurus

A test of Bergmann's rule in the Early Triassic: latitude, body size, and sampling in Lystrosaurus

Carboniferous and Permian integrative stratigraphy and timescale of North China Block

Evidence of a Continuous Continental Permian-Triassic Boundary Section in western Equatorial Pangea, Palo Duro Basin, Northwest Texas, U.S.A.

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