Paleotsunami Research—Current Debate and Controversies

Scheffers, Anja

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-396483-0.00003-0

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…The conclusion that the movement of boulders by flows or by waves is to be further studied, and that the common theoretical approach needs to be further refined, is in agreement with the most recent studies of the scientific community (Bourgeois and MacInnes 2010;Scheffers 2014;Sugawara et al 2014;Nandasena 2015). The conclusion that the movement of boulders by flows or by waves is to be further studied, and that the common theoretical approach needs to be further refined, is in agreement with the most recent studies of the scientific community (Bourgeois and MacInnes 2010;Scheffers 2014;Sugawara et al 2014;Nandasena 2015).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…The experimental results suggest that the hydrodynamic approach of simple formulas is still too inaccurate. The conclusion that the movement of boulders by flows or by waves is to be further studied, and that the common theoretical approach needs to be further refined, is in agreement with the most recent studies of the scientific community (Bourgeois and MacInnes 2010;Scheffers 2014;Sugawara et al 2014;Nandasena 2015).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

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A laboratory experiment on the incipient motion of boulders by high‐energy coastal flows

Bressan

Guerrero

Antonini

et al. 2018

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Studies on coastal boulders transported inland by high‐energy events, such as tsunamis, focus mainly on the nature, magnitude and characteristics of past events and contribute to coastal hazard assessments. However, uncertainties on the transport models used in the literature are widely acknowledged. To study the minimum flow conditions for boulders transport, a laboratory experiment was carried out at the Hydraulic Engineering Laboratory (LIDR) of the University of Bologna, Italy. The main objective was to provide experimental data on boulders incipient motion and on the relationships linking boulders weight, geometry and orientation with the flow velocity and flow depth thresholds for transport initiation. The experiments reproduce idealized cases to highlight the contribution of the flow and transport processes, while the complexities due to the environment and irregular boulder shapes are reduced to a simple slope and to cubic and rectangular blocks. The most important result is that boulders move when only partially submerged by the flow, but this case is not even considered in the literature. Even for this oversimplified case, the hydrodynamic approach currently used to predict incipient motion strongly overestimates the minimum conditions for boulder transport. The main conclusions are that the drag and lift coefficients commonly used in the literature are not adequate to correctly estimate the minimum conditions for transport and need to be fine‐tuned. The main reason for this discrepancy is that the practical hydrodynamic formulas do not account for the flow variability induced by turbulence that plays a key role in influencing the start of instability. To take into account this intrinsic uncertainty, we suggest determining two dynamic thresholds, separating three distinct regimes: one where transport is impossible, one where it is certain, and an intermediate one where it is possible depending only on the actual turbulence bursts. Data are made freely available (ftp://137.204.48.34). © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

A laboratory experiment on the incipient motion of boulders by high‐energy coastal flows

Bressan

Guerrero

Antonini

et al. 2018

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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“…It is worth mentioning that the deposit base may also contain imbricated gravels and shells that indicate the direction of the currents and waves responsible for their deposition (Goff et al 2001). Mud drapes are layers of fine, organic-rich sediments that cap marine submersion deposits (Scheffers 2015). When sea waves reach their maximum penetration distances, and their velocities are weak, the hydrodynamic conditions are ideal for the sedimentation of these fine layers (Dawson 2000;Scheffers 2015).…”

Section: Marine Submersion Deposits: Identification Proxiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mud drapes are layers of fine, organic-rich sediments that cap marine submersion deposits (Scheffers 2015). When sea waves reach their maximum penetration distances, and their velocities are weak, the hydrodynamic conditions are ideal for the sedimentation of these fine layers (Dawson 2000;Scheffers 2015).…”

Section: Marine Submersion Deposits: Identification Proxiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Storm surge and tsunami deposits along the Moroccan coasts: state of the art and future perspectives

et al. 2023

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The Moroccan coast is occasionally confronted with marine submersion events caused by storm surges and tsunamis. The Moroccan historical archives recorded some of these events, such as the storm surge of 2014 CE and the tsunami of 1755 CE. The latter remains the most destructive event the country has ever faced, with major human and economic losses recorded mainly between the two cities of Tangier and Safi. The privileged way to prevent any hazard related to these events is to study their past occurrences and consequences. However, historical records are often very scarce to determine their return periods and evaluate their intensities.Accordingly, the scientific community increasingly uses sedimentary archives from coastal environments, since they offer a viable alternative to historical archives. Several studies using this approach have been conducted on the Moroccan coast in recent years; however, until now, there has been no review dealing with these studies, which is the main objective of this paper.The present review shows that most of the Moroccan sites containing marine submersion deposits are located along the Atlantic coast. The Mediterranean coast remain poorly studied despite the presence of tsunami and storm surge risks. The review draws attention also to the absence of chronological data for most of the marine submersion deposits recognized up to now 2 along the Moroccan coasts, which is a major issue that prevents the determination of the return period of these events.

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“…Extensive insights into the occurrence, chronological context, and physical attributes of tsunami sediments have been gleaned through research on tsunami deposits, particularly following the catastrophic tsunamis triggered by the 2004 Sumatra earthquake and the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] . Furthermore, considerable proxy indicators derived from analyses of contemporary tsunami deposits have been introduced as tools for the recognition of tsunami-related sediments within coastal sediment archives [20][21][22][23][24] .…”

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confidence: 99%

Submarine volcanic microbiota record three volcano-induced tsunamis

Lee,

Choi,

Han

et al. 2024

Commun Earth Environ

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The precise determination of sediment provenance not only yields insights into past tsunami events but also offers a window into understanding the genesis of tsunamis in distinct environments, such as volcanic regions. Through meticulous analysis of core samples from a lagoon in east of Korea Peninsula, we unveil three previously undocumented tsunamis and identify specific bacterial taxa associated with submarine volcanism during distinct periods. Specific bacterial species (Sulfurimonas_f and Alicyclobacillus ferrooxydans) and the presence of the silicoflagellate Dictyocha byronalis indicate deep-sea volcanic origins for certain sediment layers. The presence of microfossils, typically found in high-salinity pelagic environments during Event I, strongly supports the occurrence of a tsunami. These findings align with heightened volcanic activity on Ulleung Island during Event I and provide valuable chronological insights into submarine volcanic processes near Ulleung Island for Events II and III. Our study highlights these biological markers as crucial indicator for understanding past tsunamis arising from volcanic activity.

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Paleotsunami Research—Current Debate and Controversies

Cited by 4 publications

References 125 publications

A laboratory experiment on the incipient motion of boulders by high‐energy coastal flows

A laboratory experiment on the incipient motion of boulders by high‐energy coastal flows

Storm surge and tsunami deposits along the Moroccan coasts: state of the art and future perspectives

Submarine volcanic microbiota record three volcano-induced tsunamis

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