“…A productive palm oil value chain has a significant potential to support economic development in Nigeria (Bello, Bello, Essien, & Saidu, 2015). However, Nigeria's palm oil value chain faces serious challenges, including low productivity, poor infrastructure, production of low-quality oils, and inefficiencies along the value chain (Gold et al, 2012;PIND, 2011). Challenges also stem from the currency valuation that makes domestic production challenging, concerns over the expansion of oil palm, and impacts for forest and habitat loss (Byerlee et al, 2017).…”