Palmitoyl ascorbic acid 2-glucoside has the potential to protect mammalian cells from high-LET carbon-ion radiation

Abstract

DMSO, glycerol, and ascorbic acid (AA) are used in pharmaceuticals and known to display radioprotective effects. The present study investigates radioprotective properties of novel glyceryl glucoside, ascorbic acid 2-glucoside, glyceryl ascorbate, and palmitoyl ascorbic acid 2-glucoside (PA). Gamma-rays or high-LET carbon-ions were irradiated in the presence of tested chemicals. Lambda DNA damage, cell survival, and micronuclei formation of CHO cells were analyzed to evaluate radioprotective properties. Radiation-induced Lambda DNA damage was reduced with chemical pre-treatment in a concentration-dependent manner. This confirmed tested chemicals were radical scavengers. For gamma-irradiation, enhanced cell survival and reduction of micronuclei formation were observed for all chemicals. For carbon-ion irradiation, DMSO, glycerol, and PA displayed radioprotection for cell survival. Based on cell survival curves, protection levels by PA were confirmed and comparable between gamma-rays and high-LET carbon-ions. Micronuclei formation was only decreased with AA and a high concentration of glycerol treatment, and not decreased with PA treatment. This suggests that mechanisms of protection against high-LET carbon-ions by PA can differ from normal radical scavenging effects that protect DNA from damage.

Cytotoxicity and Mutagenicity of Narrowband UVB to Mammalian Cells

“…The cultures were fixed with absolute ethanol and stained with 0.1% crystal violet. Lastly, colonies containing more than 50 cells were scored as survivors [ 32 , 33 ].…”

Ascorbate as a Bioactive Compound in Cancer Therapy: The Old Classic Strikes Back

“…Ascorbate has been shown to have cytotoxic effects as a therapy adjuvant to chemoradiation in the treatment of oesophageal cancer [116] and gastric cancer [117], non-small-cell lung cancer and glioblastoma [78], and pancreatic cancer [118,119]. In addition, intravenous ascorbate has been found to mitigate damage to normal tissue following chemoradiation therapy [91,120], and it may also have synergistic effects with palliative radiotherapy in patients with bone metastases [121].…”

Metal Ions Modify in Vitro DNA Damage Yields With High-LET Radiation

“…Electrophoresis was carried out as previously described [41][42][43]. Each sample was added with 6X loading dye (15% Ficoll (w/v), 10% glycerol (v/v), 0.25% bromophenol blue (w/v), and 0.25% xylene cyanol FF (w/v) in distilled water) and electrophoresis was carried out with an 1% (w/v) Agarose gel in 1X TAE buffer containing 0.01% (w/v) ethidium bromide and ran at 100 V and for 60 min in 1x TAE buffer.…”