Pan evaporation and potential evapotranspiration trends in South Florida

Abstract

Abstract:Declining trends in pan and lake evaporation have been reported. It is important to study this trend in every region to evaluate the validity of the trend and water management implications. Data from nine pan evaporation sites in South Florida were evaluated to see if there is a trend and if the quality of the data is sufficient for such analysis. The conclusion is that pan evaporation measurements are prone to too many sources of errors to be used for trend analysis. This condition is demonstrated in South Florida and in other regions by differences in magnitude and direction between spatially related pan stations and unexplainable observations. Also, potential evapotranspiration (ET p ) was estimated with the Simple (Abtew equation) and the Penman-Monteith method. Both cases indicated no decline in evapotranspiration for the period of analysis. Based on the decline in humidity and the increasing trend in vapor pressure deficit for the short period of analysis, 1992-2009, it appears that South Florida is experiencing increase in evaporation and evapotranspiration at this time assuming no systematic error in the weather stations' observations.

Validation of satellite daily rainfall estimates in complex terrain of Bali Island, Indonesia

“…Besides, that estimate can be improved by bias correction (Addor and Seibert 2014;AghaKouchak et al 2009;Müller and Thompson 2013) or by merged/blended improvements (Chappell et al 2013;Li and Shao 2010;Woldemeskel et al 2013) with gauge data as reference. Geophysical and climatological constraints (Jia et al 2011), such as elevation applied in this study, eventually also distance to the sea (Abtew et al 2011;Johansson and Chen 2003) and wind direction (Castro et al 2014), can also improve the performance of satellite rainfall products in contrast to climatology zonation that was not particularly beneficial. The relatively best performing satellite-based rainfall product (among the four validated ones in this study) on daily basis in the Bali Island was the CMORPH 25 .…”

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“…On the other hand, statistically significant increasing trends were also reported in the south of Europe [55] and Middle East [56]. The largest change was reported by 97 mm increase for the western USA in a warm season during past 45 years [57]. Likewise, increasing trends were reported in Israel [3], Brazil [4], eastern Asia [5], western Africa [6], and Iran [7].…”

“…Worldwide studies have shown that evaporation is affected by climatic factors such as wind speed [58][59][60] and air temperature [38][39][40][41]61]. [57] reported that the decrease in evaporation is also related to the decrease in temperature and the increase in low cloud cover. Therewithal, [62] reported that increased evaporation may be associated with global warming.…”

Effects of Climate Change on the Irrigation Scheduling Parameters in Calabria (South Italy) during 1925-2013

“…Palumbo et al [20], using the data measured in one agrometeorological station located nearby Foggia (Puglia Region, South Italy) and covering the 1957-2008 period, demonstrated growth trend of tomato water deficit (32 mm.decade -1 ) took place [64][65][66].…”