Paper-Based Analytical Methods for Smartphone Sensing with Functional Nanoparticles: Bridges from Smart Surfaces to Global Health

Abstract

In this Feature, the most recent developments as well as "pros and cons" in smartphone sensing, which have been developed using various functional nanoparticles in paper-based sensing systems, will be discussed. Additionally, smart phone sensing and POC combination as a potential tool that opens a gate for knowledge flow "from lab scale data to public use" will be evaluated.

A Bottom-Up Approach for Developing Aptasensors for Abused Drugs: Biosensors in Forensics

“…Colorimetry is one of the simplest sensing phenomena, and hence, is explored in many different studies in the literature [137,138]. In its most basic form, colorimetric sensors measure the changes in the intensity of absorbed or reflected light emitted from the conjugates in response to the recognition of element-target binding events [139]. These events are mostly monitored with an optical property change over a wide range due to surface plasmon resonance or structural shifts in organic dyes, luminophores, conjugated polymers, or metal nanoparticles and nanostructures [118,140,141].…”

“…Fluorescence-based analytical platforms measure the light emitted from the target sample due to a radiative excitation. A narrow peak of emission wavelengths provides measurements in lower concentrations and can be tuned to increase the sensitivity even more with changing excitation source intensity [139]. There are two main modes of fluorescence-based techniques: labeled and label-free biosensing systems.…”

A review of smartphone point‐of‐care adapter design

“…The ability to perform rapid quantitative and qualitative assessments of samples makes the ambitious software environment of smartphone devices very promising . To test the samples, an external hardware attachment known as an “adapter” or “cradle” is used . This adapter is designed with 3D printing technology, offering a variety of design shapes, suitability with smartphone backbones, and embedded optical elements inside the adapter core .…”

“…Smartphone point-of-care (POC) applications arise in research due to many factors, such as on-site monitoring, rapid testing, and the cost of laboratory instruments, especially in remote areas. [1][2][3] The ability to perform rapid quantitative and qualitative assessments of samples makes the ambitious software environment of smartphone devices very promising. 4 To test the samples, an external hardware attachment known as an "adapter" or "cradle" is used.…”

“…4 To test the samples, an external hardware attachment known as an "adapter" or "cradle" is used. 3,5 This adapter is designed with 3D printing technology, offering a variety of design shapes, suitability with smartphone backbones, and embedded optical elements inside the adapter core. 2,6 Generally, there are two major approaches for the adapter design.…”