Paper‐Based Electrochemiluminescent 3D Immunodevice for Lab‐on‐Paper, Specific, and Sensitive Point‐of‐Care Testing

Abstract

Recent research on microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) has shown that paper has great potential for the fabrication of low-cost diagnostic devices for healthcare and environmental monitoring applications. Herein, electrochemiluminescence (ECL) was introduced for the first time into μPADs that were based on screen-printed paper-electrodes. To further perform high-specificity, high-performance, and high-sensitivity ECL on μPADs for point-of-care testing (POCT), ECL immunoassay capabilities were introduced into a wax-patterned 3D paper-based ECL device, which was characterized by SEM, contact-angle measurement, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. With the aid of a home-made device-holder, the ECL reaction was triggered at room temperature. By using a typical tris(bipyridine)ruthenium-tri-n-propylamine ECL system, this paper-based ECL 3D immunodevice was applied to the diagnosis of carcinoembryonic antigens in real clinical serum samples. This contribution further expands the number of sensitive and specific detection modes of μPADs.

A paper-based chemiluminescence device for the determination of ofloxacin

“…Due to its high sensitivity and wide dynamic range, CL has been proven to be a powerful analytical tool for PADs [17,13]. In the last two years, several papers have been published by Yu's group with very lower detection limits about CL detection method combining with PADs [17,13,18,19]. But most of their work was based on the oxidase enzyme reactions and traditional enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) immunoassay method with CL detection.…”

Paper-based electrochemiluminescence origami device for protein detection using assembled cascade DNA–carbon dots nanotags based on rolling circle amplification

“…The preparation of the 3D origami device was similar to our previous work with major modifications and a detailed procedure as described below (Ge et al, 2013a(Ge et al, , 2013bYan et al, 2012). Firstly, the configuration for wax-printing (wax-printing is a rapid, efficient, and inexpensive method that has been used in most applications of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (Lu et al, 2010;Carrilho et al, 2009;Gong et al, 2010)).…”

Point-of-Care Diagnostics

“…The data was analysed based on the red pixel intensity of the ECL emission, which was correlated with a calibration curve, hence the analyte concentration. Other applications to date included sensing tumour markers [103,124,126] and ions [128].…”