Paper-Based Fluidic Sensing Platforms for β-Adrenergic Agonist Residue Point-of-Care Testing

Abstract

The illegal use of β-adrenergic agonists during livestock growth poses a threat to public health; the long-term intake of this medication can cause serious physiological side effects and even death. Therefore, rapid detection methods for β-adrenergic agonist residues on-site are required. Traditional detection methods such as liquid chromatography have limitations in terms of expensive instruments and complex operations. In contrast, paper methods are low cost, ubiquitous, and portable, which has led to them becoming the preferred detection method in recent years. Various paper-based fluidic devices have been developed to detect β-adrenergic agonist residues, including lateral flow immunoassays (LFAs) and microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs). In this review, the application of LFAs for the detection of β-agonists is summarized comprehensively, focusing on the latest advances in novel labeling and detection strategies. The use of μPADs as an analytical platform has attracted interest over the past decade due to their unique advantages and application for detecting β-adrenergic agonists, which are introduced here. Vertical flow immunoassays are also discussed for their shorter assay time and stronger multiplexing capabilities compared with LFAs. Furthermore, the development direction and prospects for the commercialization of paper-based devices are considered, shedding light on the development of point-of-care testing devices for β-adrenergic agonist residue detection.

Application of Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Combined with Immunoassay for the Detection of Adrenoceptor Agonists

“…These effects can be especially detrimental to individuals with heart disease, diabetes, and hypertension [ 2 ]. Traditional adrenoceptor agonists such as clenbuterol (CLE), salbutamol (SAL), dopamine (DA), and ractopamine (RAC) are commonly utilized [ 3 ]. In recent years, several new adrenoceptor agonists, including cyproheptadine (CYP), and clonidine (CLO), have been developed.…”

Nafion/Silver Nanoparticles as an Electrochemically Sensitive Interface for the Detection of Ractopamine in Pork Liver

“…7 Therefore, developing a simple, reliable, and portable analytical method for detecting Rac in meat is crucial for ensuring food safety. 8,9 Currently, analytical methods for detecting Rac in pork are limited to techniques requiring highly sophisticated sample preparation or costly instrumentation, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC−MS), and liquid chromatography−tandem mass spectrometry (LC−MS/MS). 10−17 ELISA offers a rapid and portable method for detecting Rac; however, its major drawback is its requirements of complicated time-consuming sample pretreatment and preparation because of the complex matrix of animal tissues.…”

“…Another common concern for the general public is whether the concentration of Rac in a meat product is above the maximum residue limits set by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (15.0 ppb for meat and 50.0 ppb for liver) . Therefore, developing a simple, reliable, and portable analytical method for detecting Rac in meat is crucial for ensuring food safety. , …”