Papillary architecture in the tayra tongue

Abstract

The tayra (Eira barbara) is a mammal belonging to the Mustelidae family that occurs in all Brazilian biomes. The present work aimed to describe the morphology of the tongue of these specimens highlighting their structures and particularities that will serve as a subsidy to elucidate the anatomy of the same and for comparative studies among other species of domestic and wild animals. Five adult male specimens of E. barbara were studied, which were fixed using 10% aqueous formaldehyde solution. The tongue was removed by opening the oral cavity and separating the maxillary/mandible bone complex. Being in possession of the material, photodocumentations and collection of the fragments were made for the proper preparation of histological slides and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The lingual papillae found in tayra were mechanical: filiform and conical; and gustative: fungiform and circumvallated. Histologically, the papillae are constituted by keratinized stratified epithelium and in the innermost region, it was composed of tissue connective dense unshaped followed by a layer of muscle bundles of skeletal striated. In the region of the root of the tongue of E. barbara, there were a set of small mixed salivary glands (serous and mucous) and the punctual presence of gustatory corpuscles at the level of epithelium. The morphological description of the E. barbara tongue revealed similarity to that described in literature for other domestic and wild mammals. However, the particularity of the absence of foliate papilla and the quantitative of four papillae circumvallate in the region of the root of the tongue of this species.

Anatomical, histological and immunohistochemical study of the tongue in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

“…The most of the functional processes inside the oral cavity are carried out by the tongue, whose presence and description have been showed in different species of fish, demonstrating the variation in the presence of anatomical structures like taste buds, mucous cells and teeth in teleosts, also of commercial interest (Abbate et al., 2006,2017,2020a,2020b; Abbate, Guerrera, Montalbano, Ciriaco, et al., 2012; Abbate, Guerrera, Montalbano, De Carlos, et al., 2012; Alsafy, Bassuoni, & Hanafy, 2018; Amato et al., 2012; Dos Santos, Arantes, Santiago, & Dos Santos, 2015; El Bakary, 2014; Elgendy, Alsafy, & Tanekhy, 2016; Germanà et al., 2009; Guerrera et al., 2015; Ikpegbu, Ibe, & Nlebedum, 2019; Kasumyan, 2019; Kettratad, Senarat, Boonyoung, & Jiraungkoorsku, 2017; Levanti et al., 2017; Mahmoud, Essa, & Sayed, 2016; Sadeghinezhad, Rahmati‐holasoo, Fayyaz, & Zargar, 2015; Sayed, Mahmoud, & Essa, 2019; Yu et al., 2019). Several significant papers, important as comparative data, are present in the literature in upper vertebrates like birds, reptiles and mammals (Abbate et al, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2020b; Abumandour & Kandyel, 2020; Barbosa et al., 2020; Bels et al., 2020; Cizek, Hamouzova, Goździewska‐Harłajczuk, Klećkowska‐Nawrot, & Kvapil, 2020; Cizek, Hamouzova, Kvapil, & Kyllar, 2019; Emura, 2016a,2016b,2016c,2017,2018a,2018b,2018c,2018d,2019; Erdoğan & Alan, 2012; Erdoğan & Iwasaki, 2014; Erdoğan Lima & Pérez, 2016; Erdoğan Villar Arias & Pérez, 2016; Erdoğan, Villar Arias, et al., 2016; Erdoğan et al., 2018a; Erdoğan and Sağsöz, 2018b; Freire et al., 2019; Gonçalves et al., …”

Morphological and ultrastructural characteristics of the tongue of wild boar

“…31 The three-dimensional analysis revealed that the filiform papillae were elongated and conical in shape, located in the rostral and middle regions of the tongue, and CTCs had conical shapes. The shape of the filiform papilla differed from the trifurcated forms, 2 and from studies that demonstrate two distinct morphologies. 1,32,33 The morphologies of the filiform papillae can be subclassified into the following subtypes: two (insectivorous bat); 23 three (fruit bat); 21,23 four (New Zealand white rabbits); 34 or six (fruit bats).…”

“…The three-dimensional morphology of the vallate papillae is similar to that of the feral cat, 17 but differs from the pig in the absence of the annular projection. 32 Also, the morphology of the vallate papilla can be rounded, 2 and rounded with an annular pad. 13 The irregular projections found on the surface of the vallate papilla are similar to the pseudo papillae described for wild boar and pigs.…”

“…The tongue is an important organ in the oral cavity for the functions of apprehension and transportation of food, swallowing, 1 and cleaning. 2 Also, it assists in social functions such as grooming and vocalization. 3 The development and evolution of the tongue and the lingual papillae can be influenced by their habitat and their functional aspects.…”

“…3 The development and evolution of the tongue and the lingual papillae can be influenced by their habitat and their functional aspects. 2,4 The tongue and lingual papillae demonstrate wide structural and ultrastructural characteristics among mammals, such as those described for rodents, [5][6][7][8][9][10] equines and ruminants, [11][12][13] canines, 14 sloth, 15 Carnivora order, 1,2,16,17 , Artioctyla order, 18 lesser hedgehog tenrec, 19 rabbit, 20 and bats. 21 The lingual mucosa has a highly differentiated system of papillae, with mechanical and gustatory functions, and those mucosa changes in epithelial morphology between the species are related to the type of food and adaptation of the animal to environmental conditions.…”