“…After these DCs are matured, they are returned back to patients to elicit a polyclonal anti-hTERT T-cell response. 97 Currently, vaccines against HPV and against HBV are available, and scientific endeavor continues for six other cancer-associated infections, mostly viruses (other infectious agents such as bacteria and parasites are also associated with some types of cancer). These vaccines are based on viral antigens that are modified to make "virus-like particles" that are not infectious and therefore cannot cause disease.…”