Paracetamol and selective and non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the reduction of morphine-related side effects after major surgery: a systematic review

Abstract

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Comparative analysis of length of stay, hospitalization costs, opioid use, and discharge status among spine surgery patients with postoperative pain management including intravenous versus oral acetaminophen

“…The use of long-acting opioids for post-surgical pain has been demonstrated to be associated with increased health care utilization and costs 4 . Prior research in multiple surgical areas including orthopedics, obstetrics, and general surgery suggests that multimodal pain management including IV acetaminophen (IV APAP) for acute post-surgical pain improves patient outcomes and reduces hospital resource use [5][6][7][8][9] . Acetaminophen is a common component of multimodal pain management that may include both pharmaceutical and medical treatments.…”

<i>In Vivo</i> Interaction of Morphine and Diclofenac

“…Various studies have demonstrated a synergistic analgesic effect of opioid-NSAID combinations [1] [2] [3]. This synergistic effect is considered to be because of known different pharmacodynamic mechanisms of the two groups-opioids act via opioid receptors in the central nervous system and NSAIDs affect the synthesis of prostaglandins by inhibiting cyclooxygenase.…”

Protective effect of indomethacin in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice

“…NSAIDs are commonly combinated with morphine following major surgery with the aim of reducing morphine's side-effects (McDaid et al, 2010). PCA has reduced the morbidity of cardiac, pulmonary, thromboembolic and renal diseases, and also reduced blood loss and transfusion requirements (Kehlet, 2004).…”