Parallel dual secondary‐column‐dual detection comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography: a flexible and reliable analytical tool for essential oils quantitative profiling

Abstract

Comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) is one of the most powerful analytical techniques now available for detailed analysis, identification and quantitation of medium‐to‐high complexity mixtures. However, the number of application methods that combine fingerprinting and/or profiling with quantitation of informative volatile analytes (targets) is still limited. Possible reasons are related to the huge amount of information to handle and to the availability of reference standards for calibration. Although quantitative analysis by GC×GC is complex it has important advantages: (i) to assess data/results over an extended time frame, varied instrumentation and different laboratories; (ii) to interpret the biological role of (potential) biomarkers; (iii) to evaluate the impact of potent odourants; and/or (iv) to define product quality, e.g. relative to a reference standard. In this study, a GC×2GC‐MS/FID platform consisting of one primary column (1D) coupled to two parallel secondary columns (2D) having an identical inner diameter, stationary phase chemistry and film thickness, which, in turn, are connected to two detectors: a fast quadrupole MS and a FID, was adopted for quantitative profiling of essential oils (EOs). Two medium complexity EOs (i.e. Mentha and Lavandula species) that pose different quantitation challenges were taken as examples and a selection of quality markers subjected to an extensive method performance evaluation (e.g. method validation). Experimental results confirmed the platform's reliability in terms of: linearity, precision and quantitation accuracy. In addition, predicted FID Relative Response Factors (RRFs) based on combustion enthalpies were adopted to extend quantitation to all identified analytes. The experimental data demonstrated the accuracy of the predicted RRFs, supporting their adoption in quantitation of EO markers. This approach is of particular interest for those applications where reference standards are not (easily) available and/or regulated. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Routine quantification of 54 allergens in fragrances using comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography‐quadrupole mass spectrometry with dual parallel secondary columns. Part I: Method development

“…It is also compatible with raw data from various sources. GC Image has often been used either for quantitative profiling of complex mixtures (e.g …”

Potential of the reversed-inject differential flow modulator for comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography in the quantitative profiling and fingerprinting of essential oils of different complexity

“…The approach was introduced by de Saint Laumer et al [24] and applied to vetiver EOs qualification by GC × GC-FID by FIlippi et al [32] and to mint and lavender EOs quantitative profiling by GC × 2GC-FID/MS by Sgorbini et al [33]. The latter instrumental configuration, that inspired the current set-up implemented with the differential flow-modulation GC × GC, provides data for simultaneous analyte identification (EI-MS full spectrum) and quantitation (MS single ions and FID responses) with possibility of an internal cross-validation of the results [34].…”

Analysis of Essential Oils Usable for Fortification of Food Products

“…Considering the fact that they become a part of food, a suitable analytic method for monitoring of content of particular essential oil components is necessary. One of the most important methods for the analysis of components of essential oils is gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (Carrasco et al, 2016;Sgorbini et al, 2015).…”

“…Vzhledem k tomu, že se stávají součástí potravin, je nutné mít vhodnou analytickou metodu ke sledování obsahu jednotlivých složek rostlinných silic. Jednou z nejvýznamnějších metod analýzy obsahových látek silic je plynová chromatografie v kombinaci s hmotnostní spektrometrií (Carrasco et al, 2016;Sgorbini et al, 2015).…”