Paramagnetic Meissner Effect in Electrochemically Doped Indium-Tin Oxide Films

Aliev, Ali E.; Andrade, Mário de; Salamon, M. B.

doi:10.1007/s10948-016-3501-7

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Aliev et al . reported the reversible superconductivity in electrochemically intercalated indium-tin oxide films2223. They investigate the effect of the electrochemical doping of ITO films with alkali metals, using anodic charging process, on the paramagnetic Meissner effect (PME).…”

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Multifunctional Indium Tin Oxide Electrode Generated by Unusual Surface Modification

Bouden

Dahi

Hauquier

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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The indium tin oxide (ITO) material has been widely used in various scientific fields and has been successfully implemented in several devices. Herein, the electrochemical reduction of ITO electrode in an organic electrolytic solution containing alkali metal, NaI, or redox molecule, N-(ferrocenylmethyl) imidazolium iodide, was investigated. The reduced ITO surfaces were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and grazing incident XRD demonstrating the presence of the electrolyte cation inside the material. Reversibility of this process after re-oxidation was evidenced by XPS. Using a redox molecule based ionic liquid as supporting electrolyte leads to fellow electrochemically the intercalation process. As a result, modified ITO containing ferrocenyl imidazolium was easily generated. This reduction process occurs at mild reducing potential around −1.8 V and causes for higher reducing potential a drastic morphological change accompanied with a decrease of the electrode conductivity at the macroscopic scale. Finally, the self-reducing power of the reduced ITO phase was used to initiate the spontaneous reduction of silver ions leading to the growth of Ag nanoparticles. As a result, transparent and multifunctional active ITO surfaces were generated bearing redox active molecules inside the material and Ag nanoparticles onto the surface.

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confidence: 99%

Multifunctional Indium Tin Oxide Electrode Generated by Unusual Surface Modification

Bouden

Dahi

Hauquier

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…Since then, the PME was observed in a variety of metallic superconductors [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48], and in different forms such as thin films [49][50][51][52], nanowire arrays [53], multilayer systems [54][55][56][57][58][59], and very importantly, in nanocomposites [60,61] and mesoscopic structured samples [62][63][64][65][66]. Multilayered materials may be composed of superconductor/normal metal, but also superconducting/para-or ferromagnetic ones.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…(a) Rings of In-Sn, measured in FC and ZFC modes (applied field H = 0.2 mT (2 Oe) with the field applied parallel and perpendicular to the sample surface (ZFC (⊥) •, ZFC ( ) , FC (⊥) •).The inset shows details of the superconducting transition. Reprinted with permission from ref [49]…”

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The Paramagnetic Meissner Effect (PME) in Metallic Superconductors

Koblischka

Půst

Chang

et al. 2023

Metals

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The experimental data in the literature concerning the Paramagnetic Meissner Effect (PME) or also called Wohlleben effect are reviewed with the emphasis on the PME exhibited by metallic, s-wave superconductors. The PME was observed in field-cool cooling (FC-C) and field-cool warming (FC-W) m(T)-measurements on Al, Nb, Pb, Ta, in compounds such as, e.g., NbSe2, In-Sn, ZrB12, and others, and also in MgB2, the metallic superconductor with the highest transition temperature. Furthermore, samples with different shapes such as crystals, polycrystals, thin films, bi- and multilayers, nanocomposites, nanowires, mesoscopic objects, and porous materials exhibited the PME. The characteristic features of the PME, found mainly in Nb disks, such as the characteristic temperatures T1 and Tp and the apparative details of the various magnetic measurement techniques applied to observe the PME, are discussed. We also show that PME can be observed with the magnetic field applied parallel and perpendicular to the sample surface, that PME can be removed by abrading the sample surface, and that PME can be introduced or enhanced by irradiation processes. The PME can be observed as well in magnetization loops (MHLs, m(H)) in a narrow temperature window Tp<Tc, which enables the construction of a phase diagram for a superconducting sample exhibiting the PME. We found that the Nb disks still exhibit the PME after more than 20 years, and we present the efforts of magnetic imaging techniques (scanning SQUID microscopy, magneto-optics, diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV)-center magnetometry, and low-energy muon spin spectroscopy, (LE-μSR)). Various attempts to explain PME behavior are discussed in detail. In particular, magnetic measurements of mesoscopic Al disks brought out important details employing the models of a giant vortex state and flux compression. Thus, we consider these approaches and demagnetization effects as the base to understand the formation of the paramagnetic signals in most of the materials investigated. New developments and novel directions for further experimental and theoretical analysis are also outlined.

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